In-Vitro Transcriptomic Profiling of Indigenous Gaddi vis-àvis Exotic Labrador Dogs: Insights from Systems Biology

Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay^1*Jaswinder Kaur^1,2Manu Mohan^1,2R S Sethi¹Bilawal Singh¹Deepti Narang¹Simarjeet Kaur¹

• ¹Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
• ²College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

6000 platform (150 bp). The study involved comparing the Control group (i.e., without treatment of any TLR-ligand) with each of the Poly I: C, LPS, and CpG ODN-treated groups for Labrador and Gaddi dogs. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change >3 & <-3, p<0.05) was conducted to identify enriched pathways in each breed.The analysis revealed that Labrador dogs had more DEGs across all treatment groups than Gaddi dogs. The enriched pathways in Labradors included Th1, Th2, Th17 cell differentiation, and T-cell receptor signaling. In contrast, Gaddi dogs significantly enriched 'Wnt' signaling, T cell activation, and immune regulation pathways. The differential expression (DE) analysis of miRNA-Seq results indicated that Labradors had more DE miRNAs (with expression levels of the original level >1.5 & <-1.5), such as miR-204, miR-206, miR-106a, miR-132, miR-335, and miR-676, which help regulate inflammation, autophagy, and immune responses. Gaddi dogs had unique miRNAs (miR-551 and miR-1249) associated with tumor suppression and inflammation.The study highlights distinct immunological profiles between Labrador and Gaddi dogs, with no shared genes responding to TLR-ligand stimulation. The functional enrichment of miRNA targets demonstrated consistent regulatory patterns at both the mRNA and miRNA levels. These findings emphasize the importance of preserving the genetic diversity of indigenous Gaddi dogs and utilizing advanced sequencing techniques to explore immunological diversity for disease resistance and the selection of breeding individuals.