Investigation of food safety perceptions, practices, and workplace policies among employees of pet and animal feed stores that sell and do not sell raw meat-based diets

Jennifer Lord^1*Marie Cozzarelli²Sara Lyon^2,3Sheri Pugh^4,5Sharon Robin Thompson^4,5

• ¹Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
• ²Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
• ³Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
• ⁴Tennessee Integrated Food Safety Center for Excellence, Tennessee, United States
• ⁵Center for Agriculture and Food Security and Preparedness, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

Background:Pet and animal feed store employees face numerous occupational health hazards, including exposure to pathogens from handling contaminated animal food products. This study aimed to (1) investigate knowledge, sanitation practices, and workplace policies related to handling animal food and treats among employees of pet food and animal feed retailers in the United States and (2) determine whether differences exist between employees of stores that sell raw pet food products and those that do not.Methods:A survey evaluating sanitation practices, training, and knowledge of disease risk related to animal husbandry and food handling was distributed to US pet and animal feed store employees by the University of Tennessee Center for Agriculture and Food Security and Preparedness, part of the Tennessee Integrated Food Safety Center of Excellence. Stores that posted their email addresses online were contacted for participation. Surveys were disseminated via email, mail, and hand-delivery. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess differences between employees of stores that sold raw pet food and those that did not.Results:206 surveys were completed by employees of pet and animal feed stores in 15 states in the Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and Western US. Just 25.3% of respondents had received training on disease risk related to handling animal food. Compared to employees of stores that did not sell raw food, those who worked at raw food retailers had significantly higher perceived risk of illness (p=0.0360). They tended to report more frequent surface disinfection (p=0.0054), but not handwashing (p=0.0542) than those who did not sell raw food. There were no significant differences in general workplace handwashing policies (p=0.7800) or those specifically related to handling animal food (p=0.0517). A substantial percentage of employees of both raw food retailers (41.5%) and those that did not sell raw food (67.8%) rarely or never provided customers with food safety information.Conclusions:Study findings indicate a need for ongoing training and outreach regarding food safety practices and zoonotic and foodborne disease risk among animal feed store employees. Stores should implement clear workplace hygiene policies and expand employee training and customer education to improve food safety standards and minimize disease risks.