Optimizing laying hen diets: Effect of partial maize meal replacement with wheat bran or biscuits crumbs and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940

Albertina Felizardo Manteiga¹Abilio Paulo Changule^2*Dercia Hilario Magaia³Nilza Jorge Manjate⁴Florentina Domingos Chilala⁵Leonel António Joaquim^6,7Eunice Justino Chivale¹Filomena Dos Anjos¹Otilia Henrique Tamele Tomo²Manuel Garcia-Herreros^8,9Custodio Bila^1,10,4

• ¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
• ²Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique
• ³Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
• ⁴Department of Research and Development - Intermed Mozambique Lda, Maputo City, Mozambique
• ⁵Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
• ⁶Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Chimoio, Mozambique
• ⁷Para Federal University, Castanhal, Brazil
• ⁸National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, Santarem, Portugal
• ⁹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
• ¹⁰Center of Excelence in Agri-Food Systems and Nutrition (CEAFSN) - Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM, Maputo, Mozambique

Background: Wheat bran (WB) and biscuit crumbs (BC) offer alternative feed sources for laying hens, potentially improving productivity and economic efficiency.Objective: This work evaluated the partial replacement of maize meal with WB or BC, with or without the addition of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940, on the productive and economic performance of laying hens.Methods: Five treatments were allocated as follows: T1: a basal diet; T2: a basal diet where 20% of maize meal was replaced by WB; T3: a basal diet that included 20% of WB plus B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940; T4: a basal diet where 20% of maize meal was replaced by BC; and T5: a basal diet that included 20% of BC plus B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940. Productive parameters (live weight, laying rate, feed conversion per egg mass, feed conversion per dozen eggs, feed consumption, and viability) and economic metrics (feed costs, production cost per egg, production cost per dozen eggs, gross revenue, gross added value, profitability index, contribution margins, and break -even point) were assessed using ANOVA and the Tukey test.Main findings: A statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase was observed in the LR and FC/dz when maize meal was partially replaced with BC. While the addition of B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 to WB significantly improved LR and FC/dz when compared to T2 (p < 0.05), no significant difference was seen for BC (p > 0.05). As for the economic evaluation, both T2 and T3 significantly reduced production costs (p < 0.05). Compared to T1, the partial replacement of maize meal with WB significantly reduced (p < 0.05) gross revenue. The addition of B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 significantly increased (p < 0.05) gross value added, profitability index, and contribution margins, and significantly reduced the break-even point (p < 0.05) in comparison with T1 for WB and BC both with (T3 and T5) and without B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 (T2 and T4).It was concluded that the addition of B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 to both WB and BC diets was as efficient as the basal diet in terms of productivity and improved economic performance.