Surgical Approaches to Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma Part 1 – Anatomic landmarks and amputation techniques

Ryshely Sonaly De Moura Borges¹Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva¹Pedro Antônio Bronhara Pimentel¹Renato Dornas de Oliveira Pereira¹Angel Almendros^2*Antonio Giuliano³Rodrigo dos Santos Horta^1*Paulo Vinícius Tertuliano Marinho⁴

• ¹Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
• ²City University of Hong Kong Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
• ³Harvest Veterinary Oncology Center, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong, China
• ⁴Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, Brazil

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone neoplasm affecting dogs and the appendicular bones are frequently affected, accounting for up to 80% of reported cases. After tumor diagnosis and staging, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment of care. The purpose of this narrative literature review is to describe the anatomical landmarks and amputation techniques performed in the treatment of canine appendicular OSA, also using cadaveric models to demonstrate it. Surgical treatment options may include amputation of the affected limb, considered the standard of care. For thoracic limbs anterior quarter amputation, amputation with shoulder disarticulation, and midhumeral amputation. For pelvic limbs, amputation with hemipelvectomy, amputation with hip disarticulation, and midfemoral amputation. Anatomical knowledge is fundamental for performing a meticulous and correct technique, which allows a lower risk of recurrence and intra-operative and postsurgical complications.