ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Vet. Sci.
Sec. Veterinary Imaging
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1667355
This article is part of the Research TopicRecent Advances in the Management of Cardiac Disease in Companion AnimalsView all articles
Resting heArt and respIratory rates in dogs in their natural environment: new insights from a long-term, international, prospective study in a COhort of 703 dogs using a biometric device for LongitudinaL non-invasive cARdiorespiratory monitoring (the AI-COLLAR study)
Provisionally accepted- 1Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ChuvAc, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- 2U955 - IMRB Inserm, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UPEC, Institut Mondor de recherche biomedicale, Créteil, France
- 3Invoxia, 8 Esplanade de la Manufacture, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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Background: Wearable devices are increasingly used in human medicine to monitor various cardiovascular parameters and support heart health. Similar tools have recently emerged in veterinary medicine. However, their current limitation is the lack of large-scale data in healthy animals, a prerequisite for identifying potentially pathological variations using artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms. Objectives: To establish a large database of resting heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) recorded over extended periods using a commercially available biometric health-monitoring device in a large international cohort of apparently healthy (AH) dogs. Animals: 703 AH dogs (median age [interquartile range]=3.8 years [2.2-7.2]; body weight=23.0 kg [14.8-31.8]). Methods: Prospective observational study (2022-2025) including AH dogs of any age, breed, and sex, provided owners confirmed their dog's apparent good health via a dedicated questionnaire. Results: Median device wear time was 189.0 days [51.0-433.0]. Both HR and RR significantly decreased early in life, then stabilized, with a slight increase in older dogs. Both were also lower at night than during the day (p<0.0001). In dogs living in the Northern Hemisphere, HR and RR showed opposite significant seasonal patterns. Effects of sex, weight and breed were also analyzed Conclusion and clinical importance: This unique large-scale biometric study provides real-world reference data on resting HR and RR in dogs and the influence of intrinsic (age, sex, weight, breed) and extrinsic (circadian rhythm, season) factors on these vital signs, thus offering new insights into canine cardiorespiratory physiology under natural conditions, and laying the foundation for future AI-based detection of abnormal patterns.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, Cardiology, canine, Heart disease, Cardiac Physiology
Received: 16 Jul 2025; Accepted: 22 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 CHETBOUL, Humbert, Dougoud and Lorre. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: VALERIE CHETBOUL, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ChuvAc, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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