In vitro fermentation characteristics of dietary fibers using fecal inocula from dogs fed a canned diet and treated with metronidazole

Sara E. Martini¹Patrícia M. Oba¹Elizabeth L. Geary¹Laura L. Bauer¹Ryan N. Dilger^1,2Kelly S. Swanson^1,2,3*

• ¹University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Animal Sciences, Urbana, United States
• ²University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, United States
• ³University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Urbana, United States

Metronidazole is a potent antibiotic often prescribed to treat gastrointestinal enteropathies, but is known to induce loose stools, negatively alter the fecal microbiome, and affect fecal metabolite production. Dietary intervention may aid in post-antibiotic recovery, but little research has been conducted regarding the potential of fiber utilization for microbial recovery in canines. Using an in vitro fermentation assay, the objective was to investigate the fermentation characteristics of dietary fibers using fecal inocula from dogs treated with metronidazole. Four healthy male beagles (age = 1.62±0.02 yr) were fed a commercial canned diet for 2 wk, then administered metronidazole (20 mg/kg BW BID) for 2 wk. Fresh fecal samples were collected at wk 2 (before antibiotic treatment; ABX-) and 4 (after antibiotic treatment; ABX+), stabilized in a 20% glycerol solution, and then frozen. On the in vitro fermentation day, feces from each time point were thawed and used to inoculate tubes. At baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 h of fermentation, pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and microbiota were measured. Blank-corrected changes from baseline data were analyzed using repeated measures and the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4, with significance set at P<0.05. Pectin fermentation reduced (P<0.001) pH and increased (P<0.001) SCFA over time, but responses were lower (P<0.001) in ABX+ than ABX-. Beet pulp fermentation also reduced (P<0.001) pH and increased (P<0.001) SCFA over time. The pH change was small between inoculum sources, but SCFA were different (P<0.001) between ABX+ and ABX-. Chicory pulp fermentation reduced (P<0.001) pH over time, with greater (P<0.01) reductions in ABX+ than ABX-. Chicory pulp fermentation increased SCFA, but had different patterns based on inoculum source. Metronidazole altered microbiota populations by reducing (P<0.001) bacterial alpha diversity. Analysis of bacterial beta diversity revealed separate clusters for dogs based on metronidazole administration. Beta diversity analysis also showed that tubes containing chicory pulp clustered separately from those containing the other fibers. Relative abundances of over 50 bacterial genera differed (P<0.05) among inoculum sources. In summary, interesting fermentation patterns in response to varying fiber sources were observed, allowing for improved insight into their potential abilities when provided to antibiotic-treated dogs.