African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the one health approach

Francesca De Falco^*

• AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy

Several studies focus on improving ASFV diagnostics. Zhang et al. describe a novel triple proteinbased ELISA that improves sensitivity in antibody detection (DOI). Hu et al. introduce a duplex fluorescent qPCR assay capable of distinguishing genotype I, II, and recombinant strains currently circulating in China (DOI). Complementing these laboratory advances, Li et al. conduct a retrospective field study evaluating optimal sampling strategies for ASF surveillance (DOI).On the biosecurity front, Hemmink et al. explore environmental mitigation tools, reporting virusinactivating properties of rosin-functionalized plastic surfaces. This finding opens the door to novel materials that may enhance on-farm biosecurity practices (DOI).Feed safety is another area of interest, particularly due to concerns about indirect virus transmission. Shurson et al. assess the persistence of an ASF-like surrogate algal virus in feed ingredients under storage and digestion conditions, offering insights into feed-related risks and mitigation strategies (DOI).Surveillance systems also benefit from novel data sources. Hsu et al. demonstrate that Google Trends can act as an early warning tool for ASF outbreaks in Southeast Asia, suggesting a role for digital surveillance to complement conventional approaches (DOI). Spatial analysis supports targeted control strategies. Ko et al. apply a statistical model to identify ASF risk clusters in Korea, providing valuable guidance for regional planning and response (DOI).Finally, Alotaibi et al. offer a broad review of ASFV reservoirs, transmission pathways, and genomic characteristics. Their work highlights gaps in wildlife surveillance and emphasizes the need for international cooperation in monitoring and control (DOI). Together, the studies presented in this Research Topic underscore the complexity of ASF and the need for interdisciplinary approaches. Key themes that emerge include:• Enhanced diagnostics: New tools such as improved ELISAs and genotype-specific qPCRs are helping detect infections more accurately and quickly, supporting early intervention.• Field sampling strategies: Optimizing surveillance practices improves diagnostic yield and guides outbreak response more effectively.• Environmental biosecurity: Innovations like virus-inactivating surfaces offer passive defense mechanisms in high-risk environments.• Feed-related risks: Understanding viral persistence in feed leads to improved biosecurity and transport practices.• Digital technologies: Online behavior analysis provides promising support for early outbreak detection, particularly in under-resourced areas.• Spatial modeling: Mapping high-risk areas enables data-driven targeting of interventions, improving the cost-effectiveness and success of control strategies.• Veterinary mental health: The emotional burden on frontline responders needs greater attention in disease response planning.• Ecological and genetic complexity: A deeper understanding of wildlife reservoirs and viral genomics is vital for developing long-term control strategies.The global fight against ASF requires collaboration across disciplines-virology, epidemiology, animal welfare, psychology, data science, and policy. No single approach can solve this challenge. Success will depend on integrating scientific advances with practical tools, stakeholder engagement, and shared international responsibility. The articles collected in this Research Topic offer valuable scientific contributions that reflect both the scale and diversity of efforts underway to combat ASF. The research demonstrates that while ASF remains a formidable opponent, progress is being made on multiple fronts. Each study adds a piece to the larger puzzle of ASF prevention, detection, control, and, eventually, eradication.