BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article
Front. Appl. Math. Stat.
Sec. Statistics and Probability
Volume 11 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fams.2025.1595650
Cumulative hazard ratio estimation for adverse events data from two-stage dynamic treatment regimes
Provisionally accepted
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Accurate analysis of adverse events in two-stage dynamic treatment regimes is complicated by the presence of competing risks, such as death, which can preclude the observation of an adverse event and introduce bias into standard survival estimates. To address these challenges, this study employs cumulative hazard functions to compare the safety profiles of different treatment policies, offering a more precise quantification of adverse event risk in the context of competing outcomes. The Nelson-Aalen estimator is utilized to decompose the overall hazard into causespecific components, enabling a nuanced assessment of both mortality and adverse event risks.By appropriately censoring for competing events, the proposed approach ensures unbiased estimation of cumulative hazards, thereby facilitating robust and interpretable comparisons between treatment strategies. Our methodology is demonstrated through the estimation of the cumulative hazard ratio for adverse events in a real world data set for leukemia.
Keywords: adverse events, Competing risks, Cumulative hazard ratio, Kaplan-Meier Estimator, Nelson-Aalen estimator
Received: 18 Mar 2025; Accepted: 09 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Vilakati. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Sifiso Vilakati, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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