Your new experience awaits. Try the new design now and help us make it even better

RETRACTION article

Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 02 February 2026

Sec. Cell Death and Survival

Volume 14 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2026.1794645

Retraction: Metformin-enhanced cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase/atrogin-1 pathways inhibit charged multivesicular body protein 2B accumulation in ischemia–reperfusion injury

This article is a retraction of:

  1. RETRACTED: Metformin-Enhanced Cardiac AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Atrogin-1 Pathways Inhibit Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2B Accumulation in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

    1. Read original article
Frontiers Editorial Office Frontiers Editorial Office*

A Retraction of Original Research Article
Metformin-enhanced cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase/atrogin-1 pathways inhibit charged multivesicular body protein 2B accumulation in ischemia–reperfusion injury

by Li T, Yin Y, Mu N, Wang Y, Liu M, Chen M, Jiang W, Yu L, Li Y and Ma H (2021). Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:621509. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.621509

The journal retracts the 5 February 2021 article cited above.

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the data due to an overlap between figure 2A and figure 4A. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers’ policies. As a result, the data and conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted.

This retraction was approved by Chief Editors of Frontiers in Cell Development and Biology and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors do not agree with this retraction.

Citation: Frontiers Editorial Office (2026) Retraction: Metformin-enhanced cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase/atrogin-1 pathways inhibit charged multivesicular body protein 2B accumulation in ischemia–reperfusion injury. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 14:1794645. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1794645

Received: 23 January 2026; Accepted: 26 January 2026;
Published: 02 February 2026.

Approved by:

Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland

Copyright © 2026 Frontiers Editorial Office. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, cmVzZWFyY2guaW50ZWdyaXR5QGZyb250aWVyc2luLm9yZw==

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.