ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Molecular Bacterial Pathogenesis
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1524116
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Respiratory System Microbiome: Diversity, Function and HealthView all 6 articles
Respiratory Microbiota Diversity and Composition in Recurrent Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Provisionally accepted
- Jinhua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
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Introduction: Recurrent protracted bacterial bronchitis (RPBB) is a significant risk factor for bronchiectasis in children, characterized by multiple episodes of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) annually. With an increasing global incidence, a detailed understanding of RPBB's pathophysiology is essential, particularly regarding the role of lung microbiota. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 40 children from Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022, including 20 with PBB, 10 with RPBB, and 10 as controls. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to collect lung microbiota samples, which were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. Microbial diversity and composition differences among groups were assessed using alpha and beta diversity metrics, PERMANOVA, and Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe), with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: RPBB patients exhibited a distinct lung microbiota composition compared to controls, characterized by an increased abundance of pathogens such as Acinetobacter and Mycoplasma, alongside a reduction in beneficial genera like Streptococcus and Granulicatella. The RPBB group also demonstrated greater overall microbiota diversity, indicating dysbiosis that may contribute to disease severity and persistent respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: This study revealed significant alterations in the lung microbiota of children with RPBB, suggesting that microbial imbalance could play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. These findings highlight the importance of targeted prevention and therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring microbiota balance to improve pediatric respiratory health.
Keywords: Lung microbiota, Children, Dysbiosis, Microbial imbalance, Recurrent Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis
Received: 07 Nov 2024; Accepted: 03 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xu, Ji, Lin, Chen and Su. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lidan Xu, Jinhua Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, China
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