REVIEW article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Molecular Bacterial Pathogenesis
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1621230
Brucellosis: Bacteriology, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Role of the Metallophores in Virulence: A Review
Provisionally accepted
Ghassan Ghssein1
Zeinab Ezzeddine1
Sima Tokajian2
Charbel Al Khoury2Hussein Kobeissy2
Jose-Noel Ibrahim2Christelle Iskandar3
Hussein F. Hassan2*- 1islamic university of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
- 2Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- 3american university of beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Brucellosis is a recognized zoonotic disease caused by various Brucella species with significant economic and animal welfare ramifications worldwide. The spread of brucellosis from domestic livestock and wild animals, as well as its emergence in new regions, present novel epidemiological challenges. The consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products from unsanitary farms in endemic areas poses a serious risk to public health from brucellosis. Determining the accurate prevalence of brucellosis, particularly in regions with persistently high prevalence, basically requires careful and frequent surveillance. Furthermore, transmission and detection of the illness in non-endemic areas have become more complex due to global human and animal migration as well as the trade in animal products. This review presents an updated understanding of brucellosis, covering its classification and taxonomy, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment approaches, epidemiology, available control and prevention measures, antimicrobial resistance and the role of metal uptake in bacterial virulence. It highlights the consequences of brucellosis for global health and underscores the need for continuous research, knowledge sharing, and interdisciplinary cooperation for effective disease control and prevention.
Keywords: Brucellosis, Zoonotic disease, Brucella, Livestock, Public health threats
Received: 02 May 2025; Accepted: 09 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ghssein, Ezzeddine, Tokajian, Al Khoury, Kobeissy, Ibrahim, Iskandar and Hassan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Hussein F. Hassan, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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