Dysbiosis of Gut and Urinary Microbiota in Urolithiasis Patients and Post-Surgical Cases

Yuanyuan Jia¹Meng Han¹Haoyu Ge¹Jie Qiao¹Ruyan Chen²Chenyu Li³Cailin Liu¹Lei Fang¹Yanhao Shen¹Saiqi Qi¹Yuli Wang¹Xiaobing Guo^1*

• ¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
• ²Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
• ³Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

Background: Research on the microbial roles in urolithiasis primarily focuses on the intestinal microbiota. This study analyzed urine and fecal samples from three cohorts: healthy controls (Control), patients with urinary stones (US), and postoperative patients (PS). We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to evaluate the variations in microbial communities among these groups during urinary stone production and therapy processes.Results: In fecal microbiota, alpha diversity was lower in the stone group versus the control group, with the postoperative group showing the lowest diversity. The β diversity analysis revealed some differences in the microbial community structure of individuals with different health conditions. LEfSe and Wilcoxon analyses were utilized to discover species that exhibited significant differences between groups. Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides are more abundant in patients with stones. The increased abundance of Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Rumenococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella is associated with a reduced risk of kidney stones.Conclusions: Alterations in urinary and intestinal microbiota may indicate urolithiasis status and treatment response. Future studies should explore microbiota modulation (e.g., probiotics) as an adjunctive strategy, while antibiotic stewardship is warranted to minimize microbiota disruption.