ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Antibiotic Resistance and New Antimicrobial drugs
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1640799
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvances in New Combinational Therapies for Treatment of MDR PathogensView all 8 articles
Development and Optimization of A Novel Nanocarrier SabiWhite-Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Targeted Skin Inflammation Complicated by Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
Provisionally accepted
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Background: This study aimed to develop and evaluate SabiWhite-loaded ethosomes (SW-ETH) for topical application, focusing on improving stability, biocompatibility, and therapeutic efficacy. Ethosomal formulations are known for their enhanced drug delivery properties, making them suitable for skin inflammation. Methods: The SW-ETH formulations were developed utilizing an adapted cold preparation technique. A 3² factorial design was used to optimize phospholipid concentration and ethanol content, and their impact on vesicle size and entrapment efficiency (EE%) was assessed. Structural characterization of SabiWhite was performed using melting point determination, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). In vitro drug release was assessed using a Franz diffusion cell, and anti-inflammatory and skin irritation studies were performed on Wistar rats. Results: SabiWhite exhibited a melting point of 96°C and characteristic FTIR peaks, confirming its identity and purity. XRD analysis revealed its crystalline nature, while ethosomal formulations showed a shift to an amorphous state. The optimized SW-ETH formulation (SW-ETH 6) had a vesicle size of 184.4 nm, an EE% of 92.5%, and a zeta potential of -13.50 mV, indicating stable and uniform vesicles. In-vitro drug release from SW-ETH 6 showed a sustained release profile with 93.12% drug release over 24 hours. In vivo, SW-ETH demonstrated significant antiinflammatory effects with 36.17% edema inhibition at 150 minutes, comparable to Diclofenac gel (41.92%). No skin irritation was observed, and the formulation was classified as non-irritant. Stability tests confirmed minimal changes in appearance, viscosity, and drug content over 120 days at different storage conditions. Conclusion: SW-ETH demonstrated effective drug encapsulation, enhanced anti-inflammatory activity, and excellent biocompatibility, making it a promising candidate for topical therapy. Further clinical validation is warranted to confirm its therapeutic potential.
Keywords: SabiWhite, Ethosomes, anti-inflammatory, Multidrug-resistant pathogens, nanocarrier, Topical therapy, combinational treatment
Received: 04 Jun 2025; Accepted: 04 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shi, Guo and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Minlie Yang, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.