ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.
Sec. Molecular Bacterial Pathogenesis
This article is part of the Research TopicNew Insights on Microbial Virulence Factors, Resistance, and Novel Therapeutic StrategiesView all articles
Comparative Genomic Profiling of Virulence Genes in Human Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis
Provisionally accepted
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, United Arab Emirates
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Introduction: Non-typhoidal Salmonella are a significant global public health concern, which are responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic burden around the world. Among more than 2,600 S. enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are the most prevalent in human infections globally. Identifying the genetic determinants that contribute to the pathogenic potential of these serovars is essential for developing prevention, control, and treatment strategies. The virulence mechanism for individual Salmonella serovars is still not well recognized. Diversity of virulence factors among serovars plays a critical role in disease severity and epidemiological success. Serovar-specific genes may influence infection strategies, host adaptation, and epidemiological patterns. Methods: Using public repositories of the NCBI Pathogen Detection database, this study aimed to determine genes that are shared and specific to each serovar and also identify significantly enriched genes in each serovar using statistical analysis. Results: While both serovars shared a conserved set of core virulence genes, significant serovar-specific differences were identified, which may reflect distinct strategies for host interaction, immune modulation, and nutrient acquisition. Conclusion: Our findings may have potential clinical and public health implications. Knowledge of serovar-specific virulence patterns may assist risk-based surveillance and targeted outbreak investigations. These findings enhance our understanding of Salmonella virulence profiling, particularly for two highly prevalent serovars in human infections, and may assist state, national, and international public health authorities in their efforts for future surveillance, risk assessment, and targeted intervention strategies.
Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, virulence genes, Clinical Isolates, Comparative genomic
Received: 13 Oct 2025; Accepted: 27 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Habib and SODAGARI. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ihab Habib
HAMIDREZA SODAGARI
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