While it is estimated that the human genome comprises ~27,000 genes, the total number of proteins in the human proteome is estimated at over one million. In addition to changes at the transcriptional and mRNA levels, “posttranslational modification of proteins” increases the functional diversity of the proteome. Now, it is increasingly recognized that posttranslational modifications of proteins provide important roles in a wide range of “intercellular signaling pathways,” such as endocrine systems. For example, n-octanoyl modification at Ser(3) is essential for ghrelin-induced bioactivities. Moreover, gaseous messengers, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are highly active and affect the functions of target proteins by S-nitrosylation and S-sulfhydration, respectively.
This Research Topic is aimed to assemble a series of review articles and original research papers on structural analysis or functional significance of posttranslational modification of/by intercellular messengers, including hormonal messengers and gaseous messengers, in vertebrates and invertebrates: posttranslational modification of peptide hormones such as proopiomelanocortin (, ), ghrelin (–), and hormonal receptors and effectors (–). Review articles on gaseous messengers such as hydrogen sulfide () and nitric oxide () are also included. The contributing papers illustrate variety and importance of biological events regulated by posttranslational modification of functional molecules, and may become major references for those working in the field of physiology and cell biology.
References
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YasudaAJonesLSShigeriY. The multiplicity of post-translational modifications in pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides. Front Endocrinol (2013) 4:186.10.3389/fendo.2013.00186
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Summary
Keywords
posttranslational modification, hormone, gaseous messenger, endocrine system, receptor
Citation
Kakizawa S, Kaiya H and Takahashi A (2014) Posttranslational Modification of Intercellular Messenger Systems. Front. Endocrinol. 5:27. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00027
Received
19 February 2014
Accepted
19 February 2014
Published
05 March 2014
Volume
5 - 2014
Edited and reviewed by
Cunming Duan, University of Michigan, USA
Copyright
© 2014 Kakizawa, Kaiya and Takahashi.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: sho-kaki@pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp
This article was submitted to Experimental Endocrinology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology.
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