Due to a production error, there was a mistake in TablesĀ 2AāC as published. The molecular structures were incorrectly placed in these tables. The corrected TablesĀ 2AāC appear below.
TableĀ 2A
| Chemical | Cas No. | Structure | Use | hPPARĪ± ag/antag ā inactive ā |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | ||||
| Bisphenol A (BPA) | 80-05-7 |  | Plasticiser, industrial chemical |  - |
| Triphenylphosphate (TPP) | 115-86-6 |  | Industrial chemical | - |
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (ppā-DDE) | 72-55-9 |  | Pesticide metabolite (Stockholm POPs list) | - |
| Triclosan (TCS) | 3380-34-5 |  | Bacteriocide | - |
| Rosiglitazone (ROSI) | 122320-73-4 |  | Pharmaceutical | - |
| Chlorpyrifos (CPF) | 2921-88-2 |  | Organophosphate pesticide | - |
| Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHXA) | 307-24-4 |  | Breakdown product of PFAS | - |
| (aR)-4-chloro-a-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzeneacetic acid, (MBX-102/JNJ39659100) Arhalofenate MBX-102 | 24136-23-0 |  | Experimental pharmaceutical | - |
| Tetrabrominated BPA (TBBPA) | 79-94-7 |  | Flame retardant | -/? |
| LGD1069 (Targretin) Bexarotene | 153559-49-0 |  | Pharmaceutical | - |
| Weak activity | ||||
| Phytanic acid | 14721-66-5 |  | Dietary lipid |  + Very weak agonist 10-4 ĀµM |
| Clofibrate | 637-07-0 |  | Pharmaceutical, fibrate | + Weak-moderate agonist up to 10-4 ĀµM |
| AGN194204 (IRX4204) | 220619-73-8 |  | Pharmaceutical | Weak antagonist |
| Weak to moderate activity | ||||
| Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) | 4376-20-9 |  | Phthalate, plasticiser | + Moderate agonist |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) | 10417-94-4 |  | Nutrient, long chain PUFA essential fatty acid | + Moderate agonist |
| Tesaglitazar/AZ242 | 251565-85-2 |  | Pharmaceutical | + Selective moderate agonist 3 ĀµM |
| Clofibric acid | 882-09-7 |  | Herbicide and pharmaceutical; active metabolite of clofibrate | + Moderate agonist (EC50 = 50.0 ĀµM) |
| Strong activity | ||||
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | 335-67-1 |  | Industrial chemical, non-stick coating | + Strong agonist |
| Pristanic acid | 1189-37-3 |  | Dietary lipid | + Strong agonist 1 ĀµM |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | 6217-54-5 |  | Nutrient, long chain PUFA essential fatty acid | + Strong agonist |
| Positive control | ||||
| GW7647 | 265129-71-3 |  | Pharmaceutical candidate | + Selective agonist, positive control10 nM |
| Chemical | Cas No. | Structure | Use | hPPARĪ³ ag/antag ā inactive ā |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | ||||
| Bisphenol A (BPA) | 80-05-7 |  | Plasticiser, industrial chemical | - |
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (ppā-DDE) | 72-55-9 |  | Pesticide metabolite (Stockholm POPs list) | - |
| Triclosan (TCS) | 3380-34-5 |  | Bacteriocide | - |
| Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHXA) | 307-24-4 |  | Breakdown product of PFAS | - |
| LGD1069 (Targretin) Bexarotene | 153559-49-0 |  | Pharmaceutical | - |
| Weak activity | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos (CPF) | 2921-88-2 |  | Organophosphate pesticide | + Weak agonist |
| Clofibrate | 637-07-0 |  | Pharmaceutical, fibrate | + Weak-moderate agonist |
| Phytanic acid | 14721-66-5 |  | Dietary lipid | + Weak-moderate agonist |
| (aR)-4-chloro-a-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzeneacetic acid, (MBX-102/JNJ39659100) Arhalofenate MBX-102 | 24136-23-0 |  | Experimental pharmaceutical | + Weak agonist |
| GW3965 hydrochloride | 405911-17-3 |  | Pharmaceutical candidate | + Weak agonist |
| Weak to moderate activity | ||||
| Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) | 4376-20-9 |  | Phthalate, plasticiser | + Moderate agonist |
| GW7647 | 265129-71-3 |  | Pharmaceutical candidate | + Moderate agonist |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) | 10417-94-4 |  | Nutrient, long chain PUFA essential fatty acid | + Moderate agonist |
| Clofibric acid | 882-09-7 |  | Herbicide and pharmaceutical; active metabolite of clofibrate | + Weak-Moderate agonist (but weaker than PPARĪ±) |
| Pristanic acid | 1189-37-3 |  | Dietary lipid | + Weak-moderate agonist 10 ĀµM |
| Strong activity | ||||
| Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) | 115-86-6 |  | Industrial chemical: Adhesives and sealants, coating products, cosmetics and personal care products | + Strong agonist |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | 6217-54-5 |  | Nutrient, long chain PUFA essential fatty acid | + Strong agonist |
| Tetrabrominated BPA (TBBPA) | 79-94-7 |  | Flame retardant | + Strong agonist |
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | 335-67-1 |  | Industrial chemical, non-stick coating | + Strong agonist |
| 15-Deoxy-Ī12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) | 87893-55-8 |  | Metabolite of endogenous prostaglandin (PGJ2) | + Strong agonist |
| Tesaglitazar/ AZ 242 | 251565-85-2 |  | Pharmaceutical | + Strong agonist 40 nM |
| Positive control | ||||
| Rosiglitazone (ROSI) | 122320-73-4 |  | Pharmaceutical | + Positive control |
| Chemical | Cas No. | Structure | Use | hMSC adipogenesis (lipid accumulation) ag/antag ā inactive ā |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | ||||
| Triclosan (TCS) | 3380-34-5 |  | Bacteriocide | - |
| TTNPB, 4-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl] benzoic acid, Arotinoid acid | 71441-28-6 |  | Pharmaceutical | - Strong inhibitor of adipogenesis; unlike retinoic acids (9cRA) that promotes adipogenesis |
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (ppā-DDE) | 72-55-9 |  | Pesticide metabolite (Stockholm POPs list) | ?- |
| Chlorpyrifos (CPF) | 2921-88-2 |  | Organophosphate pesticide | - |
| Weak activity | ||||
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | 335-67-1 |  | Industrial chemical, non-stick coating | + Weak inducer |
| Weak to moderate activity | ||||
| GW3965 hydrochloride | 405911-17-3 |  | Pharmaceutical candidate | + Weak/moderate inducer |
| Tetrabrominated BPA (TBBPA) | 79-94-7 |  | Flame retardant | +Moderate inducer 10 Ī¼M induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells |
| Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP) | 4376-20-9 |  | Phthalate, plasticiser | + Moderate 10 Ī¼M and was maximal at 100 Ī¼M |
| Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) | 115-86-6 |  | Industrial chemical: Adhesives and sealants, coating products, cosmetics and personal care products | + Agonist at high dose (>1ĀµM) |
| Strong activity | ||||
| Fludioxonil | 131341-86-1 |  | Non-systemic fungicide | + Strong (significant at 0.2 ĀµM) |
| Tributyltin (TBT) chloride | 1461-22-9 |  | Fungicide | + Strong inducer adipogenic differentiation (3T3-L1) |
| Positive control | ||||
| Rosiglitazone (ROSI) | 122320-73-4 |  | Pharmaceutical | + Positive control |
Selected chemicals and activity bands for the PPARĪ± assay.
The publisher apologizes for this mistake.
The original version of this article has been updated.
Summary
Keywords
adipogenesis, obesogen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, metabolic disruption, integrated testing strategy, test guideline, validation
Citation
Frontiers Production Office (2024) Erratum: Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals for in vitro human PPARĪ±, PPARĪ³ transactivation, and adipogenesis test methods. Front. Endocrinol. 15:1491855. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1491855
Received
05 September 2024
Accepted
05 September 2024
Published
25 October 2024
Approved by
Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
Volume
15 - 2024
Updates
Copyright
Ā© 2024 Frontiers Production Office.
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