ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Cancer Endocrinology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1595002
This article is part of the Research TopicRoles of Hormones in Inflammation and Cancer Progression: New Discoveries and Therapeutic StrategiesView all articles
Reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with differentiated thyroid cancer in the euthyroid thyroidectomy population
Provisionally accepted
Huaijin Xu1,2
Hongzhou Liu3
Xiaodong Hu4Xiaomeng Jia2Zhe Xue2
Anning Wang2
Shaoyang Kang2
Zhaohui Lyu1,2*- 1Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
- 3Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
- 4Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China
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The inconclusive associations between thyroid-related hormones and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) suggest complex pathophysiologic processes, for which thyroid hormone sensitivity may provide new insights.We retrospectively analyzed preoperative clinical data and postoperative pathological data of 9,515 euthyroid adults who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules pathologically confirmed as benign nodules or DTC. Composite thyroid parameters were calculated, including TSH index (TSHI), thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), FT3/FT4 ratio (FT3/FT4) and the thyroid's secretory capacity (SPINA-GT).Results: Increased TSHI (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.27-1.41) and TT4RI (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.28-1.42) reflecting reduced central thyroid hormone sensitivity, decreased FT3/FT4 (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.77-0.86) reflecting reduced peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity, and decreased SPINA-GT (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.74-0.82) were associated with DTC after adjustment for confounders. The contributions of thyroid hormone sensitivity indices remained in subgroups stratified by age, sex, metabolic factors, thyroid autoimmunity status, and nodule size. A non-linear relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and probability of DTC was observed. The association of DTC with TT4RI or TSHI was stronger than with other thyroid parameters such as TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). ROC analysis for the distinction between DTC and benign disease showed no single thyroid parameter with the coexistence of high sensitivity and specificity.Reduced central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with DTC in the euthyroid thyroidectomy population and provides additional information on the odds of malignancy in thyroid nodules at risk for surgery, warranting consideration of the role of sensitivity to thyroid hormones in mechanisms and prediction models for DTC.
Keywords: Thyroid hormone sensitivity, Differentiated thyroid cancer, Thyroid hormone, Thyroid homeostasis, Epidemiology
Received: 17 Mar 2025; Accepted: 19 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xu, Liu, Hu, Jia, Xue, Wang, Kang and Lyu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zhaohui Lyu, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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