ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Clinical Diabetes
This article is part of the Research TopicWorld Diabetes Day 2024: Exploring Mechanisms, Innovations, and Holistic Approaches in Diabetes CareView all 24 articles
1-hour post-load plasma glucose: A reliable marker of insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes, as determined by the TyG index
Provisionally accepted
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between 1-hour postprandial glucose (1h-PG) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and to evaluate the predictive utility of 1h-PG for insulin resistance (IR). Research Design and Methods: Based on the criteria of 1h-PG ≥ 8.6mmol/L and 2h-PG ≥ 11.1mmol/L from the 125-gram standard steamed buns meal test, 1835 T2DM individuals were categorized as follows: Group 1: 1h-PG < 8.6mmol/L; Group 2: 1h-PG ≥ 8.6mmol/L and 2h-PG < 11.1mmol/L; Group 3: 1h-PG ≥ 8.6mmol/L and 2h-PG ≥ 11.1mmol/L. The severity of IR was assessed using the TyG index, with thresholds of > 8.81 for males and > 8.73 for females. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including glucose, C-peptide, insulin and lipid profiles were analyzed. Statistical analyses included Spearman's correlation, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: 1h-PG exhibited a more pronounced positive correlation with the TyG index (r = 0.273) than 2h-PG (r = 0.173). A statistically significant increase in the TyG index was observed in Group 2 compared with Group 1. Although Group 3 showed a trend toward a higher TyG index compared to Group 2, the difference was not statistically significant. The higher insulin resistance group exhibited significantly higher 1h-PG levels compared to the lower insulin resistance group. Logistic regression confirmed that the association between 1h-PG and the TyG index was stronger (OR = 2 1.170, 95% CI: 1.133–1.209, P < 0.001) than that of 2h-PG (OR = 1.091, 95% CI: 1.062–1.121, P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that 1h-PG achieved a higher AUC for predicting IR than 2h-PG (0.629 vs. 0.589, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Among T2DM subjects, 1h-PG shows a stronger association with the TyG index than 2h-PG. These findings support the potential of 1h-PG as a more sensitive and cost-effective marker for early identification of insulin resistance, offering clinical utility in diabetes diagnosis and management.
Keywords: 1-hour post-load plasma glucose, 2-hour post-load plasma glucose, Insulin Resistance, triglyceride-glucose, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Received: 22 Jul 2025; Accepted: 12 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Guo, Lv, Yang, Chen, Chen, Chen, Xu, Shen, Gu and Shao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jiaqing Shao
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