REVIEW article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Thyroid Endocrinology
Thyroid Hormones, Mitochondria, Aging, and Cancer
Provisionally accepted
- 1University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
- 2Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
- 3Albany Medical College Department of Medicine, Albany, United States
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In mammals, thyroid hormones (THs) and their metabolites exert their regulatory effects on metabolism, oxygen consumption, energy generation and expenditure, and gene expression via genomic and non-genomic mechanisms by binding to different types of THs receptors. THs binding to nuclear receptors engages the genomic pathway, while binding to receptors on mitochondria or cell membrane receptors located on thyrointegrins initiates nongenomic mode of actions. In this contribution, we review the effects of THs and their metabolites on mitochondrial structure and functions, including both classical and non-canonical features, in various pathophysiological conditions, focusing on aging, stemness, and cancer. Our analysis indicates that nongenomic mode of actions of THs on mitochondria appear affected during aging and its alterations may contributed to development of cancer and other aging-associated disorders.
Keywords: Thyroid hormone (t3-t4), Tetrac, Mitochondria, Aging, Cancer
Received: 08 Aug 2025; Accepted: 10 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Glinsky, Hercbergs and Davis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Gennadi Glinsky
Paul J. Davis
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