ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Reproduction
Novel variants associated with premature ovarian insufficiency in Russian adolescents
Provisionally accepted
Polina Tsabai*
Zaira KumykovaVictoria AverkovaNadezhda PavlovaDmitry MaslennikovAnna BolshakovaZalina BatyrovaTamara KolpakovaAndrey BystritskiyNatalia Karetnikova
Alexey EkimovAndrey Goltsov
Mar V KuzAnna TurchinetsIrina MukoseyTaisiya KochetkovaIgor Sadelov
Jekaterina ShubinaElena Uvarova
Svetlana YurenevaDmitry TrofimovGennady Sukhikh- National Medical Research Center Of Obstetrics, Gynecology And Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakova, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract Introduction: While variants in hundreds of genes have been linked to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), monogenic disorders account for fewer than half of idiopathic POI cases in adolescents with 46,XX karyotype. This highlights the need for the further genetic investigation across diverse populations. Patients and methods: We recruited 63 Russian patients diagnosed with 46,XX POI before age 18. All underwent FMR1 premutation testing and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Copy number variation (CNV) analysis was conducted on WES data. Segregation studies by Sanger sequencing were performed where samples from the patients' relatives were available. Results: We identified variants in 15 genes in 38% of the cohort, including 13 causative genes (FMR1, DCAF17, FOXL2, STAG3, TP63, BNC1, CPEB1, NOBOX, LMNA, FSHR, SPIDR, MCM8, EIF2B2) and 2 candidate genes (MYRF, LATS1). 3.2% of patients carried an FMR1 premutation. WES detected causative single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 15 patients (17.5% of the cohort). CNV analysis increased the diagnostic yield to 20.6%, identifying 15q25.2 microdeletions (BNC1, CPEB1) in two patients and FSHR exon 2 deletion in one patient with resistant ovary syndrome. Overall, the combination of molecular genetic approaches established a diagnosis of monogenic POI (pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants) in 23.8% of adolescents with normal female karyotype. 5 patients (7.9%) carried variants of unknown significance in FSHR, LMNA, NOBOX, SPIDR, LATS1 genes, warranting further investigation. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that WES is an effective diagnostic tool for adolescents with POI and should supplement standard karyotyping and FMR1 testing in routine clinical practice. We report several novel variants in POI-associated genes and propose new gene-disease association.
Keywords: PREMATURE OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY, ovarian dysgenesis, whole-exome sequencing (WES), FMR1, Differences of sex development (DSD), Adolescent, Genetics
Received: 16 Aug 2025; Accepted: 05 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Tsabai, Kumykova, Averkova, Pavlova, Maslennikov, Bolshakova, Batyrova, Kolpakova, Bystritskiy, Karetnikova, Ekimov, Goltsov, Kuz, Turchinets, Mukosey, Kochetkova, Sadelov, Shubina, Uvarova, Yureneva, Trofimov and Sukhikh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Polina Tsabai, polinatsabai@gmail.com
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