REVIEW article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Pituitary Endocrinology
An Overview of Hypopituitarism's Causes
Provisionally accepted
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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The widespread application of tumor therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and the emergence of new infectious diseases such as COVID-19 are promoting the continued expansion of the cause spectrum of hypopituitarism, making its scope significantly beyond traditional causes such as pituitary tumors and craniocerebral trauma. Faced with this evolution, a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of its etiology has become a top priority, which has also put forward new requirements for clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This review aims to systematically sort out and deeply explore the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. The content not only covers traditional factors such as pituitary tumors, radiation injury, and pituitary surgery, but also the latest progress in emerging fields such as immunotherapy, new infections, and autoimmunity. It aims to provide reliable reference for clinicians' diagnosis and treatment practice and lay a theoretical foundation for future research in this field.
Keywords: Hypopituitarism1, Endocrinology2, Pituitary adenoma3, Sheehan syndrome4, tuberculosis5
Received: 30 Aug 2025; Accepted: 10 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Guo, Sun and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Weiyin Guo
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