MINI REVIEW article
Front. Endocrinol.
Sec. Translational and Clinical Endocrinology
This article is part of the Research TopicRoles and Functions of Metabolites in the Development and Progression of Metabolic DiseasesView all articles
Research Progress in Precision Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes Based on the GLP-1
Provisionally accepted
Sangui WangChenrong YuanHaifeng WangXiyin YeShun RuanLi YiWanyong YangZhi WangNi WangJiahao LiXiaohui FengYun Li
Yu Tian
Quanlei Wang*- Dongguan Nancheng Hospital, Dongguan, China
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents a global health crisis, currently affecting approximately 9% of the world's population. Pathogenetically, DM is classified into Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with T2DM accounting for over 90% of all cases. T2DM is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, and is recognized as a multisystem metabolic disorder involving pathways such as the gut-brain axis, insulin/peripheral resistance, etc strongly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent advances in basic medical research and clinical therapeutics have optimized the application of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), establishing it as a cornerstone incretin based therapy for T2DM management. In parallel, metabolic surgery has demonstrated significant potential in ameliorating symptoms of T2DM. This article comprehensively reviews current trends in T2DM treatment, the molecular profile of GLP-1, biological characteristics of GLP-1-secreting L-cells, the development of GLP-1-related pharmaceuticals, and advances in metabolic surgery (MS). We searched the primary literature in PubMed, Embase and SciELO from inception to June 2025, using the terms "diabetes", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "glucagon-like peptide-1", "L-cell", "metabolic surgery", "jejunostomy", "GLP-1 receptor agonists" as well as their combinations. We included basic/mechanistic studies, human observational studies, randomized clinical trials and observational post hoc analyses of trials that were relevant to the review topic. The aim is to provide insights and references for future strategies in personalized precision medicine for T2DM.
Keywords: Glucagon-like peptide-1, type 2 diabetes mellitus, L-cell, metabolic surgery, Jejunostomy
Received: 10 Oct 2025; Accepted: 09 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Yuan, Wang, Ye, Ruan, Yi, Yang, Wang, Wang, Li, Feng, Li, Tian and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Quanlei Wang
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