Integrative approaches to healthy aging in postmenopausal women: The synergistic benefits of exercise combined with functional foods and dietary supplements

Abstract

The transition into menopause is accompanied by physiological changes that can impact women's health and quality of life (QoL), including impaired bone metabolism, metabolic dysregulation, and diminished mental well-being. This review explores integrative, non-pharmacological strategies—specifically structured exercise training combined with functional foods and dietary supplements—as synergistic approaches to mitigate these challenges. We synthesize current evidence on the endocrine, skeletal, metabolic, and psychological effects of pairing physical training with bioactive components, specifically phytoestrogens, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between these interventions and hormonal regulation, bone turnover, and inflammatory pathways. While preclinical models suggest potent mechanistic synergies, clinical evidence remains heterogeneous. Collectively, the data suggests that tailored lifestyle interventions may offer promising strategies to enhance bone health and QoL. However, variability in study designs and dosages currently limits the ability to prescribe standardized protocols. Future research must focus on large-scale, randomized trials to establish optimal combinatorial dosages.