REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1507870
This article is part of the Research TopicNovel Clinical and Translational Insights in Cell Therapies for CancerView all 6 articles
Emerging immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment for advanced sarcoma: a comprehensive review
Provisionally accepted
- 1The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- 2Sheng Jing Hospital Affiliated, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- 3Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- 4China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Sarcomas are heterogeneous mesenchymal malignancies classified as soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) and bone sarcomas. Advanced cases respond poorly to standard therapies, highlighting the need for novel strategies. Immunotherapies, including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, adoptive cellular therapies, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses, have shown promise in specific sarcoma subtypes. This review explores these approaches, emphasizing the prognostic significance of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and their correlation with clinical outcomes. We also discuss challenges in immunotherapy efficacy, the importance of biomarker-driven personalized therapies, and the potential of a combination regimen with chemotherapy, radiation, and cytokine agents. Overall, this review highlights the evolving role of immunotherapy in advanced sarcomas, the critical influence of the TME, and the need to optimize synergistic treatment approaches to enhance patient outcomes.
Keywords: Sarcoma, Immunotherapy, Adoptive T Cell Therapy, Vaccine, immune checkpoint inhibitors
Received: 08 Oct 2024; Accepted: 28 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Huang, Fan, Zhang, Bai, Wang and Shan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Hai Huang, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
Fengping Shan, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.