REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. T Cell Biology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581210
Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics
Provisionally accepted
- 1ETH Zürich, Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- 2Stanford University, Stanford, United States
- 3University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- 4Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- 5Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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The field of synthetic biology aims to engineer living organisms for specific therapeutic applications, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment due to its potential for flexibility, specificity, predictability, and controllability. CAR-T cell therapies involve the genetic modification of T cells to target tumor-specific antigens. However, challenges persist because the limited spatio-temporal resolution in current models hinders the therapy's safety, cost-effectiveness, and overall potential, particularly for solid tumors Main Body: This manuscript explores how mathematical models and computational techniques can enhance CAR-T therapy design and predict therapeutic outcomes, focusing on critical factors such as antigen receptor functionality, treatment efficacy, and potential adverse effects. We examine CAR-T cell dynamics and the impact of antigen binding, addressing strategies to overcome antigen escape, cytokine release syndrome, and relapse.We propose a comprehensive framework for using these models to advance CAR-T cell therapy, bridging the gap between existing therapeutic methods and the full potential of CAR-T engineering and its clinical application.
Keywords: Synthetic Biology, Biological system modeling, CAR-T cells, OT -On-Target, Off-Tumor
Received: 21 Feb 2025; Accepted: 20 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Putignano, Ruiperez-Campillo, Yuan, Millet and Guerrero-Aspizua. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Samuel Ruiperez-Campillo, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
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