MINI REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1642116
This article is part of the Research TopicCytokine Interactions and Biomarker Potential in Various DiseasesView all 3 articles
Dichotomous roles of IL-36 and IL-38 in cardiovascular disease
Provisionally accepted
- The First People's Hospital of Baiyin, Baiyin, China
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Members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammation and immune responses. Among them, IL-36 and IL-38 have emerged as cytokines with contrasting roles in cardiovascular disease (CVD). IL-36 typically promotes inflammation, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis, and myocardial injury. In contrast, IL-38 exerts predominantly anti-inflammatory effects, modulating immune responses and promoting tissue repair. This mini-review provides a critical synthesis of current findings on IL-36 and IL-38 in the context of atherosclerosis, myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes. We discuss their molecular mechanisms, potential as biomarkers, and therapeutic implications, while identifying key gaps in knowledge that merit further investigation.
Keywords: IL-36, IL-38, cardiovascular disease, biomarker, anthogenesis
Received: 06 Jun 2025; Accepted: 23 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Huang and Bao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shisan (Bob) Bao, The First People's Hospital of Baiyin, Baiyin, China
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