ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
This article is part of the Research TopicImmunological Aspects and Immunotherapy in Gynecologic CancersView all 25 articles
Cadonilimab Rechallenge in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer Following Prior PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Failure: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Provisionally accepted
Haijuan Yu1
Jian Chen1
Jie Lin1
Lijun Chen1Jianping Zou1Bin Liu1
Linying Liu1
Ning Xie1Sufang Deng1
Shengtao Zhou2Yang Sun1*- 1Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- 2Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Abstract Purpose Recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (R/M CC) patients progressing after immunotherapy face limited treatment options. This study aimed to explore whether cadonilimab, a novel bispecific antibody targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) / cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), could effectively treat such patients following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor failure. Methods A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on 29 R/M CC patients who received cadonilimab treatment after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) failure between August 2022 and April 2024. The study assessed objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles. Given the small sample size and retrospective nature, this study is fundamentally descriptive, and its findings should be interpreted as exploratory. Results Among the 29 patients, the ORR was 24.1% (7/29) with a DCR of 55.2% (16/29). The median PFS was 5.8 months, while the median OS was 12.1 months. Subgroup analyses identified poorer prognoses for patients with liver metastasis, ≥3 prior treatment lines, and those receiving cadonilimab monotherapy. The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) were anemia (8 [27.6%]), decreased white blood cell count (4 [13.8%]), and decreased neutrophil count (4 [13.8%]). Conclusion Cadonilimab might offer a promising option with a manageable safety profile for R/M CC patients who progress after ICIs treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
Keywords: adverse events, Cadonilimab, efficacy analyses, immunotherapy rechallenge, recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer
Received: 08 Sep 2025; Accepted: 10 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yu, Chen, Lin, Chen, Zou, Liu, Liu, Xie, Deng, Zhou and Sun. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yang Sun
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