REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
This article is part of the Research TopicInterplay Between Cell Death Pathways and Immune Responses: Mechanisms and Therapeutic FrontiersView all articles
PANoptosis in Urological Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Pathological Roles, and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities
Provisionally accepted
- 1The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- 2Jilin University, Changchun, China
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PANoptosis, a recently identified inflammatory programmed cell death pathway, integrates features of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis and is regulated by a macromolecular complex called the PANoptosome. This pathway extends beyond conventional single-mode death mechanisms, marked a significant advancement in cell death research. Its emerging role in the pathogenesis and progression of urological diseases—including acute and chronic kidney injury, prostate cancer, renal carcinoma, and testicular pathologies—is increasingly recognized. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying PANoptosis and emphasizes its dual role, both in promoting tissue damage and in driving antitumor immunity. In addition, we discuss novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting key components of PANoptosis, including multi-omics-based biomarker screening, nanomaterial-mediated delivery systems, and combination therapies. Advances in technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, are expanding precision medicine approaches, positioning PANoptosis as a promising target for improving clinical outcomes in urological diseases.
Keywords: biomarkers, CellDeathMechanisms, PANoptosis, TherapeuticTargeting, UrologicalDiseases
Received: 21 Oct 2025; Accepted: 04 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Di, Jin, Feng and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ranwei Li
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