REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Systems Immunology
Sepsis Biomarkers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Xu Zheng 1
Hongwu Guo 1
Jinyu Zhang 2
Lei Ming 1
Shuli Chou 1
Yingfang Liu 2
Liang Luo 1
1. The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
2. Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Sepsis remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality among the critically ill, driven by a dysregulated host response to infection that culminates in systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. While numerous potential biomarkers have been identified, their translation into robust clinical tools remains challenging. This review synthesizes the current understanding of sepsis biomarkers, focusing on their utility in delineating the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this heterogeneous syndrome and predicting patient outcomes. Crucially, we emphasize the pivotal role of cutting-edge methodologies, including advanced multi-omics integration, sophisticated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms, in accelerating the discovery and validation of novel precision-guided strategies. Through this synthesis, we outline recent advances and remaining knowledge gaps, aiming to inform precision medicine frameworks by highlighting how innovative technologies are reshaping the approach to biomarker identification and clinical application.
Summary
Keywords
biomarkers, early diagnosis, Inflammatory factors, metabolic markers, Sepsis
Received
29 October 2025
Accepted
20 February 2026
Copyright
© 2026 Zheng, Guo, Zhang, Ming, Chou, Liu and Luo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Jinyu Zhang
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.