BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
This article is part of the Research TopicNew Generation Bacterial Vaccines Based on Immune Correlates of ProtectionView all 11 articles
Experimental Validation and Immunogenic Insights of Multiepitope Vaccine design against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Provisionally accepted
- 1BITS Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- 2Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a predominant cause of pneumonia, sinusitis, bacteremia, meningitis and otitis media especially in children and the elderly. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and shift towards non-vaccine serotypes has compromised the efficacy of the treatment regime and available vaccines. The available polysaccharide-based vaccines confer protection against limited serotypes. In this study, we have conducted the experimental validation of a promising multi epitope vaccine candidate. The vaccine construct was cloned into pET-28a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expression of the protein was induced, and its purification was carried out by the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Further, purified multiepitope protein was subjected to the SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. The secondary structure was determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy, and it was observed to closely align with the predicted structure by Alpha fold. The hemolysis assay confirmed its safety and tolerability. The BALB/c mice was administered with this multiepitope vaccine construct and immune response was evaluated. The antibody response was estimated and confirmed by western blot and ELISA analysis. The cytokine profiling assay revealed the involvement of interleukins, TNF-α, and GM-CSF. Together, this study provides the first experimental validation of a computationally designed multi-epitope vaccine against S. pneumoniae, demonstrating antibody titers, broad cytokine response, and absence of hemolytic toxicity.
Keywords: animal study, cytokine profile, Multiepitope, Pneumonia, Vaccine
Received: 05 Jan 2026; Accepted: 02 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Devarakonda, Reddy, Binu and SYAL. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: KIRTIMAAN SYAL
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