REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. T Cell Biology
This article is part of the Research TopicModality-Based Medicine in Anti-Tumor Immunity: Overcoming Resistance and Enhancing Immune PrecisionView all articles
Advancing immunotherapy via multiple immune cells co-engagement
Provisionally accepted
- Peking University, Beijing, China
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Immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical success in a wide range of malignancies, owing to its high specificity and durable therapeutic effects. However, its efficacy is constrained by multiple factors arising from the complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). Strategies capable of simultaneously and synergistically engaging multiple immune cells in TME represents a promising yet challenging frontier. Here we begin with a brief overview of current immune cell engagers harnessing the single immune cell types, such as T, NK cells and other immune cells. We then focus on the next generation of multiple immune cell-type co-engagement immunotherapies, discussing their targets, mechanisms, and therapeutic design. This review outlines both opportunities and hurdles of the multiple immune cell co-engagers, paving the way for more effective antitumor modalities.
Keywords: Antitumor immunotherapy, Immune cell engager, Multiple immune cell co-engagement, multispecific antibody, Tumor Microenvironment
Received: 08 Jan 2026; Accepted: 16 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Li, Zhang, Wei, Sun, Lin and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Feng Lin
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.