Naomi Krickeberg1
Hans-Georg Rammensee
Karin Schilbach- 1Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- 2Institute of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- 3German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany, Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
By Krickeberg N, Rammensee H-G and Schilbach K (2025) Front. Immunol. 16:1676455. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1676455
The vaccine peptide was incorrectly described as a 16-mer; it should be referred to as a 15-mer. A correction has been made to the section Discussion: “This study reveals a multi-layered immune response elicited by a single 15-mer aliphatic peptide in two individuals”
The peptide sequence and length were incorrectly stated as the 16-mer "LLLLDRLLNQLESKMS" throughout the manuscript. This has been corrected to the accurate 15-mer vaccine peptide sequence, "LLLLDRLNQLESKMS", in all relevant instances.
The reference for “For the same TCRs, it is shown that the germline- encoded parts of the CDR3 region of the TCRα chain do not contact the target peptide, but only one or a few N-nucleotide encoded amino acids which, very importantly, are identical or charge-conserved in TCRs of the same specificity. Successive studies showed the same result” was erroneously written as:
46. Gabernet G, Marquez S, Bjornson R, Peltzer A, Meng H, Aron E, et al. nf-core/ airrflow: An adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis workflow employing the Immcantation framework. PloS Comput Biol. (2024) 20:e1012265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012265
47. Di Tommaso P, Chatzou M, Floden EW, Barja PP, Palumbo E, Notredame C. Nextflow enables reproducible computational workflows. Nat Biotechnol. (2017) 35:316–9. doi: 10.1038/nbt.3820
It should be:
63. Ritmahan W, Kesmir C, Vroomans RMA. Revealing factors determining immunodominant responses against dominant epitopes. Immunogenetics. (2020) 72:109-18.
64. Stern MH, Lipkowitz S, Aurias A, Griscelli C, Thomas G, Kirsch IR. Inversion of chromosome 7 in ataxia telangiectasia is generated by a rearrangement between T-cell receptor beta and T-cell receptor gamma genes. Blood. (1989) 74:2076-80.
The reference for “Recent studies have shown that the adaptive TCR repertoire consists of two ontogenetically and functionally distinct TCR types, which are regulated by variations in thymic production and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) activity.” was erroneously written as:
27. McBride R, van Zyl M, Fielding BC. The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein. Viruses. (2014) 6:2991–3018. doi: 10.3390/v6082991
It should be:
66. Trofimov A, Brouillard P, Larouche JD, Seguin J, Laverdure JP, Brasey A, et al. Two types of human TCR differentially regulate reactivity to self and non-self antigens. iScience. (2022) 25:104968.
The reference for “Strikingly, the CDR3 sequences of the overlap repertoire and the most common vaccine-reactive αβ T clonotypes (Table 5) lack or have only few N nucleotides, assigning them to the neonatal TCRs derived from TDT-negative precursors, which persist throughout life, are highly shared between individuals and are reported to be disease-associated.” was erroneously written as:
27. McBride R, van Zyl M, Fielding BC. The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein. Viruses. (2014) 6:2991–3018. doi: 10.3390/v6082991
It should be:
66. Trofimov A, Brouillard P, Larouche JD, Seguin J, Laverdure JP, Brasey A, et al. Two types of human TCR differentially regulate reactivity to self and non-self antigens. iScience. (2022) 25:104968.
The reference for “The vast majority of Vδ2-clonotypes in this study was private (Supplementary Table 3) with unique V(D)J rearrangements, individual CDR3-length and no relatedness to each other or to clones from the other donor, resembling Vδ1 and adaptive αβ-T cells, which undergo profound and highly focused clonal expansions from an originally diverse and private TCR-repertoire in response to specific immune challenges” was erroneously written as:
84. Benveniste PM, Nakatsugawa M, Nguyen L, Ohashi PS, Hirano N, Zuniga- Pflucker JC. In vitro-generated MART-1-specific CD8 T cells display a broader T-cell receptor repertoire than ex vivo naive and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol. (2019) 97:427–34. doi: 10.1111/imcb.2019.97.issue-4
It should be:
100. Wang Y, Tsitsiklis A, Devoe S, Gao W, Chu HH, Zhang Y, et al. Peptide Centric Vbeta Specific Germline Contacts Shape a Specialist T Cell Response. Front Immunol. (2022) 13:847092.
The reference for “That this includes MHC class I and II molecules recognition was shown for human HLA- A2 (33), HLA-24 (31), HLA-B27 (32)]” was erroneously written as:
33. Hu Y, Petroni GR, Olson WC, Czarkowski A, Smolkin ME, Grosh WW, et al. Immunologic hierarchy, class II MHC promiscuity, and epitope spreading of a melanoma helper peptide vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother. (2014) 63:779–86.
31. Heitmann JS, Tandler C, Marconato M, Nelde A, Habibzada T, Rittig SM, et al. Phase I/II trial of a peptide-based COVID-19 T-cell activator in patients with B-cell deficiency. Nat Commun. (2023) 14:5032. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40758-0
32. Ochoa R, Lunardelli VAS, Rosa DS, Laio A, Cossio P. Multiple-Allele MHC Class II Epitope Engineering by a Molecular Dynamics-Based Evolution Protocol. Front Immunol. (2022) 13:862851. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862851
It should be:
126. Spits H, Paliard X, Engelhard VH, de Vries JE. Cytotoxic activity and lymphokine production of T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha beta+ and TCR-gamma delta+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones recognizing HLA-A2 and HLA-A2 mutants. Recognition of TCR-gamma delta+ CTL clones is affected by mutations at positions 152 and 156. J Immunol. (1990) 144:4156-62
127. Ciccone E, Viale O, Pende D, Malnati M, Battista Ferrara G, Barocci S, et al. Specificity of human T lymphocytes expressing a gamma/delta T cell antigen receptor. Recognition of a polymorphic determinant of HLA class I molecules by a gamma/delta clone. Eur J Immunol. (1989) 19:1267-71.
128. Del Porto P, D’Amato M, Fiorillo MT, Tuosto L, Piccolella E, Sorrentino R. Identification of a novel HLA-B27 subtype by restriction analysis of a cytotoxic gamma delta T cell clone. J Immunol. (1994) 153:3093-100.
The reference for “Here, they contribute to barrier immunity by detecting conserved microbial and stress-induced ligands, and as we know according to Davey et al. (95, 98)” was erroneously written as:
95. Dimova T, Brouwer M, Gosselin F, Tassignon J, Leo O, Donner C, et al. Effector Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells dominate the human fetal gammadelta T-cell repertoire. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (2015) 112:E556–65.
98. Sanchez Sanchez G, Papadopoulou M, Azouz A, Tafesse Y, Mishra A, Chan JKY, et al. Identification of distinct functional thymic programming of fetal and pediatric human gammadelta thymocytes via single-cell analysis. Nat Commun. (2022) 13:5842.
It should be:
96. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Joyce SP, Ladell K, Kasatskaya SA, McLaren JE, et al. Clonal selection in the human Vdelta1 T cell repertoire indicates gammadelta TCR-dependent adaptive immune surveillance. Nat Commun. (2017) 8:14760.
99. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Hunter S, Kasatskaya SA, Remmerswaal EBM, Salim M, et al. The human Vdelta2(+) T-cell compartment comprises distinct innate-like Vgamma9(+) and adaptive Vgamma9(-) subsets. Nat Commun. (2018) 9:1760.
As a result of the above changes, the following references have been reordered:
The reference for “The CDR2-loop of the Vδ1-segments is described to interact with lipid-presenting CD1 molecules” was erroneously written as:
63. Uldrich AP, Le Nours J, Pellicci DG, Gherardin NA, McPherson KG, Lim RT, et al. CD1d-lipid antigen recognition by the gammadelta TCR. Nat Immunol. (2013) 14:1137–45. doi: 10.1038/ni.2713
It should be:
65. Uldrich AP, Le Nours J, Pellicci DG, Gherardin NA, McPherson KG, Lim RT, et al. CD1d-lipid antigen recognition by the gammadelta TCR. Nat Immunol. (2013) 14:1137-45.
The reference for “In contrast to the TDT-negative precursors, TDT-dependent TCRs with distinct structural features and less shared among subjects” was erroneously written as:
64. Trofimov A, Brouillard P, Larouche JD, Seguin J, Laverdure JP, Brasey A, et al. Two types of human TCR differentially regulate reactivity to self and non-self antigens. iScience. (2022) 25:104968. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104968
It should be:
66. Trofimov A, Brouillard P, Larouche JD, Seguin J, Laverdure JP, Brasey A, et al. Two types of human TCR differentially regulate reactivity to self and non-self antigens. iScience. (2022) 25:104968.
The reference for “To analyze the entirety of αβ-clonotypes in a biologically meaningful way” was erroneously written as:
65. Kockelbergh H, Evans S, Deng T, Clyne E, Kyriakidou A, Economou A, et al. Utility of Bulk T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Sequencing Analysis in Understanding Immune Responses to COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel). (2022) 12. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12051222
66. Foers AD, Shoukat MS, Welsh OE, Donovan K, Petry R, Evans SC, et al. Classification of intestinal T-cell receptor repertoires using machine learning methods can identify patients with coeliac disease regardless of dietary gluten status. J Pathol. (2021) 253:279–91. doi: 10.1002/path.v253.3
67. Glanville J, Huang H, Nau A, Hatton O, Wagar LE, Rubelt F, et al. Identifying specificity groups in the T cell receptor repertoire. Nature. (2017) 547:94–8. doi: 10.1038/nature22976
It should be:
67. Kockelbergh H, Evans S, Deng T, Clyne E, Kyriakidou A, Economou A, et al. Utility of Bulk T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Sequencing Analysis in Understanding Immune Responses to COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel). (2022) 12.
68. Foers AD, Shoukat MS, Welsh OE, Donovan K, Petry R, Evans SC, et al. Classification of intestinal T-cell receptor repertoires using machine learning methods can identify patients with coeliac disease regardless of dietary gluten status. J Pathol. (2021) 253:279-91.
69. Glanville J, Huang H, Nau A, Hatton O, Wagar LE, Rubelt F, et al. Identifying specificity groups in the T cell receptor repertoire. Nature. (2017) 547:94-8.
The reference for “To identify consensus criteria of vaccine-reactive clonotypes we followed Ritmahan et al. who showed that factors that determine whether a response becomes immunodominant (ID) per donor is that their CDR3 regions distinctively show hydrophobic aa residues compared to the subdominant (SD) responses.” was erroneously written as:
68. Ritmahan W, Kesmir C, Vroomans RMA. Revealing factors determining immunodominant responses against dominant epitopes. Immunogenetics (2020) 72:109–18.
It should be:
63. Ritmahan W, Kesmir C, Vroomans RMA. Revealing factors determining immunodominant responses against dominant epitopes. Immunogenetics. (2020) 72:109-18.
The reference for “Classically TCR-chains are encoded by genes formed by elements belonging to the same locus. However, transrearrangements between V(D)JC elements belonging to different TCR-chain loci have been described” was erroneously written as:
69. Stern MH, Lipkowitz S, Aurias A, Griscelli C, Thomas G, Kirsch IR. Inversion of chromosome 7 in ataxia telangiectasia is generated by a rearrangement between T-cell receptor beta and T-cell receptor gamma genes. Blood. (1989) 74:2076–80. doi: 10.1182/blood.V74.6.2076.2076
70. Lipkowitz S, Stern MH, Kirsch IR. Hybrid T cell receptor genes formed by interlocus recombination in normal and ataxia-telangiectasis lymphocytes. J Exp Med. (1990) 172:409–18. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.2.409
71. Kobayashi Y, Tycko B, Soreng AL, Sklar J. Transrearrangements between antigen receptor genes in normal human lymphoid tissues and in ataxia telangiectasia. J Immunol. (1991) 147:3201–9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.147.9.3201
72. Tycko B, Coyle H, Sklar J. Chimeric gamma-delta signal joints. Implications for the mechanism and regulation of T cell receptor gene rearrangement. J Immunol. (1991) 147:705–13. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.147.2.705
73. Tycko B, Palmer JD, Sklar J. T cell receptor gene trans-rearrangements: chimeric gamma-delta genes in normal lymphoid tissues. Science. (1989) 245:1242–6. doi: 10.1126/science.2551037
It should be:
64. Stern MH, Lipkowitz S, Aurias A, Griscelli C, Thomas G, Kirsch IR. Inversion of chromosome 7 in ataxia telangiectasia is generated by a rearrangement between T-cell receptor beta and T-cell receptor gamma genes. Blood. (1989) 74:2076-80.
70. Lipkowitz S, Stern MH, Kirsch IR. Hybrid T cell receptor genes formed by interlocus recombination in normal and ataxia-telangiectasis lymphocytes. J Exp Med. (1990) 172:409-18.
71. Kobayashi Y, Tycko B, Soreng AL, Sklar J. Transrearrangements between antigen receptor genes in normal human lymphoid tissues and in ataxia telangiectasia. J Immunol. (1991) 147:3201-9.
72. Tycko B, Coyle H, Sklar J. Chimeric gamma-delta signal joints. Implications for the mechanism and regulation of T cell receptor gene rearrangement. J Immunol. (1991) 147:705-13.
73. Tycko B, Palmer JD, Sklar J. T cell receptor gene trans-rearrangements: chimeric gamma-delta genes in normal lymphoid tissues. Science. (1989) 245:1242-6.
The reference for “Of the only few Vg9+ (Figure 6b) none was using JP1, the J-segment of Pag-reactive semi-invariant Vg9JP1Vd2-TCR, the most abundant γδ-TCR in adult peripheral Blood” was erroneously written as:
100. Willcox CR, Davey MS, Willcox BE. Development and Selection of the Human Vgamma9Vdelta2(+) T-Cell Repertoire. Front Immunol. (2018) 9:1501. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01501
101. Delfau MH, Hance AJ, Lecossier D, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Restricted diversity of V gamma 9-JP rearrangements in unstimulated human gamma/delta T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. (1992) 22:2437–43. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830220937
It should be:
101. Willcox CR, Davey MS, Willcox BE. Development and Selection of the Human Vgamma9Vdelta2(+) T-Cell Repertoire. Front Immunol. (2018) 9:1501.
102. Delfau MH, Hance AJ, Lecossier D, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Restricted diversity of V gamma 9-JP rearrangements in unstimulated human gamma/delta T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. (1992) 22:2437–43. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830220937
The reference for “The few TRGV9+-clonotypes (two germline-encoded public sequences CALWEVQELGKKIKVF TRGV9*01 TRGJP*01) (95, 101) published in context of CMV (102) and Epstein-Barr virus (103) and several private clonotypes (CALWYEELGKKIKVF TRGV9*01/TRGJP*01) contained the JP-segment in D1.” was erroneously written as:
95. Dimova T, Brouwer M, Gosselin F, Tassignon J, Leo O, Donner C, et al. Effector Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells dominate the human fetal gammadelta T-cell repertoire. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (2015) 112:E556–65.
101. Delfau MH, Hance AJ, Lecossier D, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Restricted diversity of V gamma 9-JP rearrangements in unstimulated human gamma/delta T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. (1992) 22:2437–43. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830220937
102. Arruda LCM, Gaballa A, Uhlin M. Graft gammadelta TCR Sequencing Identifies Public Clonotypes Associated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients and Unravels Cytomegalovirus Impact on Repertoire Distribution. J Immunol. (2019) 202:1859–70. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801448
103. Djaoud Z, Parham P. Dimorphism in the TCRgamma-chain repertoire defines 2 types of human immunity to Epstein-Barr virus. Blood Adv. (2020) 4:1198–205. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001179
It should be:
95. Dimova T, Brouwer M, Gosselin F, Tassignon J, Leo O, Donner C, et al. Effector Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells dominate the human fetal gammadelta T-cell repertoire. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. (2015) 112:E556-65.
102. Delfau MH, Hance AJ, Lecossier D, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Restricted diversity of V gamma 9-JP rearrangements in unstimulated human gamma/delta T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. (1992) 22:2437-43.
103. Arruda LCM, Gaballa A, Uhlin M. Graft gammadelta TCR Sequencing Identifies Public Clonotypes Associated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients and Unravels Cytomegalovirus Impact on Repertoire Distribution. J Immunol. (2019) 202(6):1859-70
104. Djaoud Z, Parham P. Dimorphism in the TCRgamma-chain repertoire defines 2 types of human immunity to Epstein-Barr virus. Blood Adv. (2020) 4(7):1198-205.
The reference for “Designed specifically for promiscuous MHC class II binding, LLLLDRLNQLESKMS recognizes the important role CD4+ T cells play in immune responses to neoantigens” was erroneously written as:
104. Wells DK, van Buuren MM, Dang KK, Hubbard-Lucey VM, Sheehan KCF, Campbell KM, et al. Key Parameters of Tumor Epitope Immunogenicity Revealed Through a Consortium Approach Improve Neoantigen Prediction. Cell. (2020) 183:818–34 e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.015
It should be:
105. Wells DK, van Buuren MM, Dang KK, Hubbard-Lucey VM, Sheehan KCF, Campbell KM, et al. Key Parameters of Tumor Epitope Immunogenicity Revealed Through a Consortium Approach Improve Neoantigen Prediction. Cell. (2020) 183(3):818–34 e13.
The reference for “These findings are highly consistent with studies by Greenshields-Watson et al, Gao et al, and Wang et al, who concordantly report a TCR-V segment bias in virus-responsive repertoires in infants, adults, and individuals with elite control of HIV, that is based on germline-encoded TCR-MHC contacts with complementary biochemical features of TCR and MHC molecules (62, 105, 106), which is indeed intriguing.” was erroneously written as:
62. Greenshields-Watson A, Attaf M, MacLachlan BJ, Whalley T, Rius C, Wall A, et al. CD4(+) T Cells Recognize Conserved Influenza A Epitopes through Shared Patterns of V-Gene Usage and Complementary Biochemical Features. Cell Rep. (2020) 32:107885. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107885
105. Gao K, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wan Z, Wu J, et al. Germline-Encoded TCR-MHC Contacts Promote TCR V Gene Bias in Umbilical Cord Blood T Cell Repertoire. Front Immunol. (2019) 10:2064. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02064
106. Wang Y, Tsitsiklis A, Devoe S, Gao W, Chu HH, Zhang Y, et al. Peptide Centric Vbeta Specific Germline Contacts Shape a Specialist T Cell Response. Front Immunol. (2022) 13:847092. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847092
It should be:
62. Greenshields-Watson A, Attaf M, MacLachlan BJ, Whalley T, Rius C, Wall A, et al. CD4(+) T Cells Recognize Conserved Influenza A Epitopes through Shared Patterns of V-Gene Usage and Complementary Biochemical Features. Cell Rep. (2020) 32:107885. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107885
100. Wang Y, Tsitsiklis A, Devoe S, Gao W, Chu HH, Zhang Y, et al. Peptide Centric Vbeta Specific Germline Contacts Shape a Specialist T Cell Response. Front Immunol. (2022) 13:847092.
106. Gao K, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wan Z, Wu J, et al. Germline-Encoded TCR-MHC Contacts Promote TCR V Gene Bias in Umbilical Cord Blood T Cell Repertoire. Front Immunol. (2019) 10:2064.
The reference for “Unconventional T cells, such as γδ T cells, recognize a broad spectrum of antigens, including non-peptide metabolites and lipids presented by non-classical MHC molecules. This enables them to rapidly respond in an innate-like manner, offering early defense that can contain infections before conventional T cells are fully activated” was erroneously written as:
126. Lv M, Zhang Z, Cui Y. Unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis, injury and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol. (2023) 14:1273459. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273459
It should be:
129. Lv M, Zhang Z, Cui Y. Unconventional T cells in brain homeostasis, injury and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol. (2023) 14:1273459. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273459
The reference for “(…) the present study: also CD1 or MHC class II presented ligands, promoting local immune responses, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and facilitating repair after injury (96,99, 127–129)” was erroneously written as:
96. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Joyce SP, Ladell K, Kasatskaya SA, McLaren JE, et al. Clonal selection in the human Vdelta1 T cell repertoire indicates gammadelta TCR-dependent adaptive immune surveillance. Nat Commun. (2017) 8:14760. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14760 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33488-2
99. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Hunter S, Kasatskaya SA, Remmerswaal EBM, Salim M, et al. The human Vdelta2(+) T-cell compartment comprises distinct innate-like Vgamma9(+) and adaptive Vgamma9(-) subsets. Nat Commun. (2018) 9:1760. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04076-0
127. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Baker AT, Hunter S, Willcox BE. Recasting Human Vdelta1 Lymphocytes in an Adaptive Role. Trends Immunol. (2018) 39:446–59. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2018.03.003
128. Mayassi T, Barreiro LB, Rossjohn J, Jabri B. A multilayered immune system through the lens of unconventional T cells. Nature. (2021) 595:501–10. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03578-0
129. Yang J, Yan H. Mucosal epithelial cells: the initial sentinels and responders controlling and regulating immune responses to viral infections. Cell Mol Immunol. (2021) 18:1628–30. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00650-7
It should be:
96. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Joyce SP, Ladell K, Kasatskaya SA, McLaren JE, et al. Clonal selection in the human Vdelta1 T cell repertoire indicates gammadelta TCR-dependent adaptive immune surveillance. Nat Commun. (2017) 8:14760. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14760 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33488-2
99. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Hunter S, Kasatskaya SA, Remmerswaal EBM, Salim M, et al. The human Vdelta2(+) T-cell compartment comprises distinct innate-like Vgamma9(+) and adaptive Vgamma9(-) subsets. Nat Commun. (2018) 9:1760. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04076-0
130. Davey MS, Willcox CR, Baker AT, Hunter S, Willcox BE. Recasting Human Vdelta1 Lymphocytes in an Adaptive Role. Trends Immunol. (2018) 9:446-59. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04076-0
131. Mayassi T, Barreiro LB, Rossjohn J, Jabri B. A multilayered immune system through the lens of unconventional T cells. Nature. (2021) 595:501-10. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03578-0
132. Yang J, Yan H. Mucosal epithelial cells: the initial sentinels and responders controlling and regulating immune responses to viral infections. Cell Mol Immunol. (2021) 18:1628–30. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00650-7
The reference for “Their capacity for rapid cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity complements physical epithelial defenses and innate immune sensing, enhancing early viral control” was erroneously written as:
130. Hackstein CP, Klenerman P. MAITs and their mates: “Innate-like” behaviors in conventional and unconventional T cells. Clin Exp Immunol. (2023) 213:1–9. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxad058
It should be:
133. Hackstein CP, Klenerman P. MAITs and their mates: “Innate-like” behaviors in conventional and unconventional T cells. Clin Exp Immunol. (2023) 213:1–9. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxad058
The reference for “Their relative resistance to exhaustion and pre-expanded tissue presence makes them attractive for therapies targeting infections, but also cancer, and inflammatory diseases” was erroneously written as:
131. Constantinides MG, Belkaid Y. Early-life imprinting of unconventional T cells and tissue homeostasis. Science. (2021) 374:eabf0095. doi: 10.1126/science.abf0095
It should be:
134. Constantinides MG, Belkaid Y. Early-life imprinting of unconventional T cells and tissue homeostasis. Science. (2021) 374:eabf0095. doi: 10.1126/science.abf0095
Also, reference “83. Benveniste PM, Roy S, Nakatsugawa M, Chen ELY, Nguyen L, Millar DG, et al. Generation and molecular recognition of melanoma-associated antigen-specific human gammadelta T cells. Sci Immunol. 2018;3(30)” was not cited in the article in all necessary instances. The citation has now been inserted in the section “γδ-T cells can recognize (peptide-loaded) MHC classes I and II” and should read: “In this context another report is significant (83) Vδ1+-γδ-T cells derived in vitro from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) can react with and expand in response to HLA-A2-presented melanoma antigen MART-1. The binding of the respective γδ-TCRs to MART-1-pMHC is less peptide-centric as compared to the interaction with a MART-1-specific αβ-TCR and it is speculated that MART-1 may act as specific stabilizer for the MHC for proper recognition by the respective γδ-TCRs. Intriguingly, the heteroclite peptide MART-1-(26-35) ELAGIGILTV is highly aliphatic: 8/10 amino acids are hydrophobic (83).”
There was a mistake in Table 1 as published. The peptide sequence and length were incorrectly stated as the 16-mer LLLLDRLLNQLESKMS. This has been corrected to the accurate 15-mer vaccine peptide sequence, LLLLDRLNQLESKMS. The corrected Table 1 appears below.
Table 1. Vaccine peptide LLLLDRLNQLESKMS.
There was a mistake in the caption of Table 1 as published. The peptide sequence and length were incorrectly stated as the 16-mer LLLLDRLLNQLESKMS. This has been corrected to the accurate 15-mer vaccine peptide sequence, LLLLDRLNQLESKMS. The corrected caption of Table 1 appears below.
“Table 1 Vaccine peptide LLLLDRLNQLESKMS”.
There was a mistake in the caption of Table 3 as published. The color of aliphatic (hydrophobic) amino acids was incorrectly labeled as red, the color of basic amino acids was incorrectly labeled as green. The corrected caption of Table 3 appears below.
Table 3. Identical V segments usage in D1 and D2 by the most expanded TRAV and TRBV clonotypes (n≥1000).
“TRAV segments (left) and TRB segment (right). Aliphatic (hydrophobic) amino acids given in green and bold, basic amino acids in red and bold. N nucleotide encoded aa are underlined.”
There was a mistake in the caption of Table 4 as published. The color of aliphatic (hydrophobic) amino acids was incorrectly labeled as red and bold, the color of basic amino acids was incorrectly labeled as green and bold. Additionally, the reference for the citation “iReceptor Scientific Gateway of the iReceptor platform” was erroneously written as:
Table 4. Overlap repertoire TRA, TRB, TRD overlap sequences lack or show only few N nucleotides.
Table 5. TRA and TRB top 10 clonotypes in D1 and D2.
35. Kovjazin R, Volovitz I, Kundel Y, Rosenbaum E, Medalia G, Horn G, et al. ImMucin: a novel therapeutic vaccine with promiscuous MHC binding for the treatment of MUC1-expressing tumors. Vaccine. (2011) 29:4676–86. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.103
It should be:
60. Corrie BD, Marthandan N, Zimonja B, Jaglale J, Zhou Y, Barr E, et al. iReceptor: A platform for querying and analyzing antibody/B-cell and T-cell receptor repertoire data across federated repositories. Immunol Rev. (2018) 284:24–41. doi: 10.1111/imr.2018.284.issue-1
The corrected caption of Table 4 appears below.
“CDR3 regions are displayed in bold. Aliphatic amino acids are given in green, basic amino acids in red.”
Abbreviations in CDR3 sequence column: “ident.” for identical sequences, “con.” for convergent sequences. Convergent sequences show the same nucleotide sequence but are derived from rearrangements involving different VDJ segments. Screening for the public nature of a clonotype was performed using the iReceptor Scientific Gateway of the iReceptor platform (60).
There was a mistake in the caption of Table 5 as published. The color of aliphatic (hydrophobic) amino acids was incorrectly labeled as red and bold, the color of basic amino acids was incorrectly labeled as green and bold. Additionally, the reference for the citation “iReceptor Scientific Gateway of the iReceptor platform” was erroneously written as:
35. Kovjazin R, Volovitz I, Kundel Y, Rosenbaum E, Medalia G, Horn G, et al. ImMucin: a novel therapeutic vaccine with promiscuous MHC binding for the treatment of MUC1-expressing tumors. Vaccine. (2011) 29:4676–86. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.103
It should be:
60. Corrie BD, Marthandan N, Zimonja B, Jaglale J, Zhou Y, Barr E, et al. iReceptor: A platform for querying and analyzing antibody/B-cell and T-cell receptor repertoire data across federated repositories. Immunol Rev. (2018) 284:24–41. doi: 10.1111/imr.2018.284.issue-1
The corrected caption of Table 5 appears below.
“N-Nucleotide encoded amino acids are underlined and bold, alphatic amino acids are green and bold, basic amino acids are red and bold. Screening for the public nature of a clonotype was performed using the iReceptor Scientific Gateway of the iReceptor platform (60).”
There was a mistake in the caption of Table 8 as published. The color of aliphatic (hydrophobic) amino acids was incorrectly labeled as red, the color of basic amino acids was incorrectly labeled as green. The corrected caption of Table 8 appears below.
Table 8. Exotic and hybrid γδTCRs including VδCα, VαJCδ, and atypical VδCδ clonotypes.
“Aliphatic amino acids are marked in green, basic amino acids in red. CDR3 regions are given in bold.”
The original version of this article has been updated.
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Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, peptide vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein peptide, T cell response, unconventional T cells, adaptive Vδ2γ9negative γδ T-cells, CD1 restricted, vaccine peptide reactive Vδ1 γδ T-cells
Citation: Krickeberg N, Rammensee H-G and Schilbach K (2026) Correction: Promiscuous class II-binding SARS-CoV-2-nuc derived vaccine-peptide induced extensive conventional, innate and unconventional T cell responses. Front. Immunol. 17:1788957. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1788957
Received: 15 January 2026; Accepted: 16 January 2026;
Published: 13 February 2026.
Edited and reviewed by:
Moriya Tsuji, Columbia University, United StatesCopyright © 2026 Krickeberg, Rammensee and Schilbach. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Karin Schilbach , a2FyaW4uc2NoaWxiYWNoQG1lZC51bmktdHVlYmluZ2VuLmRl