Frontiers in Immunology | Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Review

Published on 18 Feb 2026

TREM2 and microglial immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutic opportunities

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Tianqing Wang
Xinru Liu
Xifeng Wang
Fuzhou Hua
Lei Yan

Frontiers in Immunology

doi 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1739875

129 views

Original Research

Accepted on 17 Feb 2026

Glatiramer acetate stimulates phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Escherichia coli by macrophages and microglial cells

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Jana Seele
Darius Häusler
Roxana Heidemann
Martin S Weber
Roland Nau

Frontiers in Immunology

Mini Review

Accepted on 17 Feb 2026

Targeting Lipocalin-2 for Multiple Sclerosis: A Dual Role in Diagnosis and Therapy

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Ruqayya Afridi
Won-Ha Lee
Minsoo Song
Kyoungho Suk

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Published on 17 Feb 2026

Identification of plasma inflammatory biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease reveals IFN-γ as a regulator of ACSL1-mediated microglia phenotype

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Ronghua Huang
Bing-Biao Lin
Zhijie Lu
Yixuan Hao
Chenrui Li
Zixian Lin
Yingjie Zhang
Naili Wei
Jian Chen

Frontiers in Immunology

doi 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1770509

405 views

Original Research

Published on 17 Feb 2026

Kappa free light chain index in CSF diagnostics: the impact of different immunoglobulin isotypes

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Martin Schmidauer
Klaus Berek
Michael Auer
Franziska Di Pauli
Fabian Föttinger
Nik Krajnc
Florian Deisenhammer
Gabriel Bsteh
Janette Walde
Harald Hegen

Frontiers in Immunology

doi 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1747659

221 views

Original Research

Accepted on 16 Feb 2026

Dermatological and gastrointestinal adverse reactions in ocrelizumab treated patients with multiple sclerosis: a case series

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Lena Höpner
Ella Marschall
Patrick Schindler
Vilmar Frauendorf
Michael Böhmig
Florian Rakers
Diana Karimi
Claudius Faber
Klemens Ruprecht
Carolin Otto

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Published on 13 Feb 2026

A real-world study of ublituximab based on the WHO-VigiAccess and U.S. food and drug administration’s adverse event reporting system databases

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Jiagnang Cao
Qinguo Shen
Yan Zou

Frontiers in Immunology

doi 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1738185

404 views

Original Research

Accepted on 12 Feb 2026

The CNS compartmentalized IgG aggregates and glycosylation in multiple sclerosis contribute to oligoclonal bands and neuronal cytotoxicity

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Sakthi Asokan
WENBO ZHOU
Anthony Fringuello
Tiffany Pointon
Ashley Kennedy
BRENDAN FREITAS
jackson Tumas French
Haiyan Zhao
Christina Coughlan
Enrique Alvarez

Frontiers in Immunology

158 views

Retraction

Accepted on 12 Feb 2026

Retraction: The intra-nuclear SphK2-S1P axis facilitates M1-to-M2 shift of microglia via suppressing HDAC1-mediated KLF4 deacetylation

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Frontiers Editorial Office

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Accepted on 11 Feb 2026

Phosphoproteomics Uncovers a Neuroimmune Perspective on Trigeminal Neuralgia: Sexually Dimorphic Regulatory Networks Linking Calcium Channels to the Complement Cascade

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Xiaojie Zhai
Xianghong Lin
Linlin Zhang
Yuxuan Ren
He Miao
Mengmeng Miao
Yijun Chen
Yiwei Zhang
Changshun Huang

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Accepted on 10 Feb 2026

EEG biomarkers of microstructural damage in normal-appearing white matter among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A DTI-EEG combined study

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Lili Yang
Hui Qiu
Yun Qin
Zijun Li
Congyu Xu
Yan Xie
Kai Chen
Shuai Ma
Lingling Dong
Dezhong Yao

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Accepted on 09 Feb 2026

An integrated analysis of spinal cord transcriptome and gut microbiome unravel age-associated host-microbiome interactions following spinal cord injury

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Yingli Jing
FAN BAI
Zihan Li
Qiuying Wang
Yan Li
Weijin Liu
Shuangyue Zhang
Chen Gao
Yu Yan

Frontiers in Immunology

Review

Accepted on 09 Feb 2026

Insights into the Potential Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications of Ferroptosis in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Stroke

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Qin Wenxiu
Yiran Zhao
Jianqiang Du
Qiaoli Zhang
Gang Wei
Shaokang Wang
Ziru Yu
Junfeng Xu
Jian Yang
Ying Gao

Frontiers in Immunology

264 views

Mini Review

Accepted on 09 Feb 2026

An updated review of the economic burden of Multiple Sclerosis: Direct and indirect costs

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Paloma Lanza-Leon
David Cantarero
Daniel Coca
Ana Colon
Lianna Tarquini
Javier Riancho

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Accepted on 09 Feb 2026

Putative α7-selective ligands interact with α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulate immune functions of human mononuclear phagocytes

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Mona Mobasher
Arik J. Hone
Malin Pilzecker
Daria Bozic
Andreas Hecker
J Michael McIntosh
Karl Kirschner
Veronika Grau
Roger L Papke
Hina Andleeb

Frontiers in Immunology

Hypothesis and Theory

Accepted on 09 Feb 2026

Infection, vaccination and risk of dementia: a proposed immunological model

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Justin Devine
Bart Jacobs
Isabel Leroux-Roels
Geert Leroux-Roels
Robbert Van Der Most

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Published on 09 Feb 2026

Telitacicept for refractory AChR-positive generalized myasthenia gravis: a retrospective real-world study

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Xi Rong
Xupeng Sun
Li Wang
Meijie Qu
Liwei Jiang
Min Liu

Frontiers in Immunology

doi 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1752245

521 views

Original Research

Accepted on 06 Feb 2026

MiR-34a deficiency enhances nucleic acid sensing and type I IFN signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Junling Yang
George Elliot Tsourdinis
Charlotte Holas
Mark Maienschein-Cline
Robert Lalonde
Ken-ichiro Fukuchi

Frontiers in Immunology

120 views

Original Research

Accepted on 06 Feb 2026

Deep Gray Matter Atrophy Mediates the Associations Between Glymphatic Dysfunction and Clinical Disability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Neuroimaging Subgroup Study

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Lingling Cui
Hao Zhang
JIbin Cao
Ruisi Gong
Jinlin Jiao
Mengyao Li
Zixuan Song
Ziying Zhang
Yueluan Jiang
Ye Han

Frontiers in Immunology

111 views

Original Research

Accepted on 04 Feb 2026

Mitochondrial Transplantation Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating the Th17/Treg Balance and Restoring Metabolic Homeostasis

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

A Ram Lee
Suh Won Yang
Seon-Yeong Lee
Su Been Jeon
Hye yeon Kang
JeongWon Choi
Jin Hyung Park
Ju Hyeon Park
Su Bin Son
Yunju Jeong

Frontiers in Immunology

305 views

Original Research

Accepted on 04 Feb 2026

Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Qin Du
Xiaofei Wang
Ziyan Shi
Hong-xi Chen
Ying Zhang
Rui wang
Zichao Mou
Lingyao Kong
Hongyu Zhou

Frontiers in Immunology

Original Research

Accepted on 04 Feb 2026

Dysregulated NK cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Urvi Ray
Antje Schulze Selting
Roshan Priyarangana Perera
Zhiqi Yang
Vladislav Lysenkov
Siri Göpel
Michael Bitzer
Madhuri S Salker
Stephan Ossowski
Olaf Riess

Frontiers in Immunology

221 views

Original Research

Published on 04 Feb 2026

Prognostic factors and a preliminary prognostic model in anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Lin Bai
Nan Lin
Xiaochuan Zhang
Haitao Ren
Le Zhang
Jie Lu
Huiqin Liu
Yun Cai
Yueli Zou
Siyuan Fan

Frontiers in Immunology

doi 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1738062

630 views

Original Research

Accepted on 03 Feb 2026

Immune correlates underlying Small Fiber Neuropathy presenting as Vaccine-associated Post-Acute SARS-Coronavirus Syndrome

in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Alessandro Limongelli
Federica Bozzano
Alireza Hajabbas Farshchi
Margherita Bellucci
Martina Bavastro
Chiara Castellano
Francesca Antonini
Alex Incensi
Giampaola Pesce
Maria Pia Giannoccaro

Frontiers in Immunology

468 views

1,516 articles

articles

TREM2 and microglial immunity in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, genetics, and therapeutic opportunities

Glatiramer acetate stimulates phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Escherichia coli by macrophages and microglial cells

Targeting Lipocalin-2 for Multiple Sclerosis: A Dual Role in Diagnosis and Therapy

Identification of plasma inflammatory biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease reveals IFN-γ as a regulator of ACSL1-mediated microglia phenotype

Kappa free light chain index in CSF diagnostics: the impact of different immunoglobulin isotypes

Dermatological and gastrointestinal adverse reactions in ocrelizumab treated patients with multiple sclerosis: a case series

A real-world study of ublituximab based on the WHO-VigiAccess and U.S. food and drug administration’s adverse event reporting system databases

The CNS compartmentalized IgG aggregates and glycosylation in multiple sclerosis contribute to oligoclonal bands and neuronal cytotoxicity

Retraction: The intra-nuclear SphK2-S1P axis facilitates M1-to-M2 shift of microglia via suppressing HDAC1-mediated KLF4 deacetylation

Phosphoproteomics Uncovers a Neuroimmune Perspective on Trigeminal Neuralgia: Sexually Dimorphic Regulatory Networks Linking Calcium Channels to the Complement Cascade

EEG biomarkers of microstructural damage in normal-appearing white matter among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A DTI-EEG combined study

An integrated analysis of spinal cord transcriptome and gut microbiome unravel age-associated host-microbiome interactions following spinal cord injury

Insights into the Potential Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications of Ferroptosis in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Stroke

An updated review of the economic burden of Multiple Sclerosis: Direct and indirect costs

Putative α7-selective ligands interact with α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulate immune functions of human mononuclear phagocytes

Infection, vaccination and risk of dementia: a proposed immunological model

Telitacicept for refractory AChR-positive generalized myasthenia gravis: a retrospective real-world study

MiR-34a deficiency enhances nucleic acid sensing and type I IFN signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Deep Gray Matter Atrophy Mediates the Associations Between Glymphatic Dysfunction and Clinical Disability in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Neuroimaging Subgroup Study

Mitochondrial Transplantation Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating the Th17/Treg Balance and Restoring Metabolic Homeostasis

Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Dysregulated NK cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19

Prognostic factors and a preliminary prognostic model in anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy

Immune correlates underlying Small Fiber Neuropathy presenting as Vaccine-associated Post-Acute SARS-Coronavirus Syndrome