ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Membr. Sci. Technol.
Sec. Membrane Applications - Liquid
Volume 4 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/frmst.2025.1653159
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Sustainability: Membrane Solutions in the Circular EconomyView all articles
Comparison of Batch and Continuous Operation Modes for Maxilon Red Azo Dye Removal using Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae within Photobioreactor (PBR) and a Dynamic Membrane Photobioreactor (DMPBR)
Provisionally accepted
Shaghayegh Sadat Farastoon Dashti1iman ansari1Mir Mehrshad Emamshoushtari2Salar Helchi1geoffroy lesage3
Marc Heran3
Farshid Pajoumshariati3*- 1Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
- 2Technische Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria
- 3Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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This study investigates the removal of Maxilon Red. This azo-red dye is commonly found in textile wastewater, using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in two photobioreactor configurations: a conventional photobioreactor (PBR) and a dynamic membrane photobioreactor (DMPBR). The objective was to compare the two configurations' overall performance regarding dye removal efficiency. When the PBR was used in batch mode, the dye removal efficiency increased from almost 73% to 86%, while the initial dye concentration increased from 5 to 15 mg. L -1 . However, increasing the initial dye concentration to 30 mg. L -1 led to a major drop in removal efficiency, dropping to 53%, showing the saturation limitations in batch processes. Kinetic analysis showed that the Elovich model best-described adsorption, implying a heterogeneous surface and decreasing adsorption rate over time. Isotherm analysis fits well with the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 8.16 mg. g -1 . FTIR confirmed the role of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and polysaccharide groups in dye binding. On the other hand, the
Keywords: Dynamic membrane photobioreactor, Chlorella vulgaris, Maxilon red, azo dye, wastewater treatment
Received: 24 Jun 2025; Accepted: 30 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Farastoon Dashti, ansari, Emamshoushtari, Helchi, lesage, Heran and Pajoumshariati. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Farshid Pajoumshariati, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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