ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Microbiol.
Sec. Microbiotechnology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1612335
This article is part of the Research TopicHarnessing Microbes for Eco-Friendly Nanoparticle Production and Sustainable ApplicationsView all 5 articles
Number of words: 6895 Number of figures: 9 Number of tables: 4 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Endophytic and antagonistic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 8SE-IF1-derived nanoparticles encumber phytopathogenic oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses with enhanced growth in tomato seedlings
Provisionally accepted
Joy Michal Johnson*
Mary Sharmila A.*
Saru Sara SamDeepa R ChandranAjay B.Herra G.Sarada S.Usha C. ThomasSwapna AlexRadhakrishnan N. V.- College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Green synthesis of nanoparticles (Gs-NPs) of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic and antagonistic microbes is a novel strategy for managing plant diseases caused by different pathogens. The present study aims to green synthesize the NPs of water diffusible antimicrobial metabolites (WDM) from antagonistic and endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 8SE-IF1 (Ba-8SE-IF1) against phytopathogenic oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses infecting tomato plants. The water diffusible extract (WDE) of Ba-8SE-IF1 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum (44.6%), Phytophthora nicotianae (60.1%), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (65.5%) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (66.7%) in poisoned food assay; growth of Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris in agar well method (inhibition zones -20.25 mm and 28.52 mm respectively); and decreased the symptoms produced by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in local lesion host (68.3%) and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in tomato plants (66.1%). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis of WDE of Ba-8SE-IF1 identified 26 major organic compounds having antimicrobial properties. Five compounds viz. phenol 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl-ethyl), hexadecane, 1-tetradecene, 2,6,10,14tetramethyl hexadecane and 2,6,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecane exhibited simultaneous antioomycetes, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activities. The identified antimicrobial compounds were phenols, carboxylic acids, alcohols and carbonyls of aldehydes and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The stable, crystalline and functional zinc oxide nanoparticles of Ba 8SE-IF1-water diffusible metabolites of size around 60 nm were green synthesized (Gs-ZnO-NPs-Ba-8SE-IF1-WDM). The Gs-NPs, even at 100 ppm, drastically reduced the growth of P. aphanidermatum (43.1%), P. nicotianae (62.7%), F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (84.6%), C. gloeosporioides (81.7%), R. solanacearum (21.24 mm) and X. campestris (18.92 mm); and the symptoms produced by TSWV (69.9%) and ToLCNDV (62.6%). The Gs-NPs at 100 ppm significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum to less than 10% compared to more than 60% in control plants. Additionally, the Gs-NPs considerably promoted plant height, number of branches and leaves, leaf area and shoot and root biomass. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first finding demonstrating the potential of the Ba-8SE-IF1; and its WDE and Gs-ZnO-NPs-WDM for the simultaneous control of phytopathogenic oomycetes, fungal, bacterial and viral diseases with enhanced growth traits in tomato plants.
Keywords: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Antimicrobial metabolites, Green-synthesized nanoparticles, Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora nicotianae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Ralstonia solanacearum
Received: 15 Apr 2025; Accepted: 08 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Johnson, A., Sam, Chandran, B., G., S., Thomas, Alex and V.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Joy Michal Johnson, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Mary Sharmila A., College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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