ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1555949
Analysis of lymphocytic leukemia trends among gender, race, age, and regional groups in the U.S. between 1999-2022: A CDC-WONDER database study
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, United States
- 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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Background: Lymphocytic leukemia (LL) is a prominent group of hematological cancers afflicting both children and adults of all backgrounds and demographics. While treatment is improving, the confounding variables on mortality and prevalence within the patient population are poorly understood. This study utilizes the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-WONDER database to further elucidate age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) in the U.S. from 1999-2022. Methods: Mortality data was obtained from the CDC-WONDER database from 1999-2022. AAMRs and trends by gender, race, region, state, urban vs. rural, and age were analyzed using a Joinpoint analysis program to calculate average annual percentage change. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05. Results: Between 1999 and 2022, there was a decrease in overall mortality rates up until 2018, followed by an increase from 2018 to 2022. Men experienced higher age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) than women, though women saw a greater decrease in mortality. Patients aged 85 and older had the highest crude mortality rates from 1999 to 2019. From 2019 to 2022, the White patients/White population had the highest AAMRs, while the American Indian/Alaska Native population experienced the largest increase in mortality between 2016 and 2022. Regionally, the Midwest and West consistently had higher AAMRs compared to other regions, with the Midwest having the highest AAMR and the smallest decline in mortality. From 1999 to 2019, Iowa saw the largest increase in AAMRs, while Kansas experienced the largest increase from 2019 to 2022. Rural areas consistently had higher AAMRs than urban areas throughout the period from 1999 to 2022, with both regions showing a decline in AAMRs starting in 2020.
Keywords: lymphoid leukemia1, chronic lymphoid leukemia2, acute lymphoid leukemia3, oncology4, disparities5, trends6, databases7
Received: 10 Jan 2025; Accepted: 13 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Blee, Weng, Billion, Abdul Jabbar, Tauseef and Mirza. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shannon Blee, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, United States
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