REVIEW article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1557897
Innovative Immunotherapies for Prostate Cancer: Understanding the Synergies Between Checkpoint Inhibition, CAR T-Cell Therapy, and Next-Generation Therapeutic Modalities
Provisionally accepted
- 1China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, Liaoning Province, China
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Immunotherapy has fundamentally reshaped the trajectory of cancer treatment, offering new avenues of hope across various malignancies Immunotherapy has achieved significant clinical transformations for various malignant diseases although its application in prostate cancer remains limited. Prostate cancer treatment with immunotherapy faces restricted success because of barriers that affect the immune system. Prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men, presents unique challenges due to its characteristically low mutation burden and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. While conventional interventions such as surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy remain effective in localized cases, their limitations become apparent in advanced and metastatic stages, where resistance and recurrence frequently compromise therapeutic success. This review rigorously examines the transformative potential of immunotherapy in PCa, with a particular focus on the integrative interactions among immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and emerging treatment modalities. We systematically analyze innovative strategies, including the identification of novel biomarkers, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and combinatorial approaches involving radioligand and PARP inhibitors combinatorial approaches that integrate immunotherapy with radioligand or PARP inhibitors. Substantial advancements stemming from both clinical trials and preclinical studies are detailed, clarifying the effectiveness and limitations of existing therapeutic frameworks, and outlining pathways for the incorporation of these therapies into clinical practice.By methodically addressing the immunological barriers specific to PCa and leveraging the precision of personalized medicine and artificial intelligence using the customized approach of targeted immune therapy, this review proposes advanced strategies aimed at optimizing therapeutic outcomes. It emphasizes the transformative capacity of immunotherapy to redefine the management of PCa and improve patient prognoses, establishing a solid foundation for future research and clinical implementation.
Keywords: Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy 1, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors 2, CAR T-cell Therapy 3, Bispecific Antibodies 4, Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)5, Tumor Microenvironment 6
Received: 09 Jan 2025; Accepted: 14 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Nyame, Zhou, Baye and Kamara. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiaohui Zhou, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.