ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Oncol.

Sec. Gastrointestinal Cancers: Gastric and Esophageal Cancers

Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1563570

Global trends in esophageal cancer: Sex and age disparities in health inequalities from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2050

Provisionally accepted
Aheli NASIROULAAheli NASIROULA1*Ying LiuYing Liu1Erman WuErman Wu2Fang ChengFang Cheng1Meng ZhangMeng Zhang1Zenati NuertaiZenati Nuertai1Maorong XuMaorong Xu1Minghui LiMinghui Li1Lei ZhangLei Zhang1Shanshan XuShanshan Xu1*Qian RouQian Rou1
  • 1Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
  • 2First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Region, China

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Esophageal cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers globally, highlighting significant health challenges and socioeconomic disparities. This study aims to measure its global burden, assess disparities by sex, age, and region, and evaluate health inequalities, with projections to 2050. The goal is to provide evidence to guide resource allocation and reduce the disease burden.Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we analyzed trends in prevalence, incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) across sexes, age groups, and 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized rates (ASR) were calculated to account for population age structures. Trends over time were assessed using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Health inequalities were evaluated using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI). Future burdens were projected using Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) models.

Keywords: esophageal cancer, Global burden of disease, Sex disparities, Age disparities, sociodemographic index, health inequalities, disease projections

Received: 20 Jan 2025; Accepted: 15 May 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 NASIROULA, Liu, Wu, Cheng, Zhang, Nuertai, Xu, Li, Zhang, Xu and Rou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Aheli NASIROULA, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
Shanshan Xu, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Supplementary Material