ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1582040
This article is part of the Research TopicExtracellular Vesicles in Cancer Research: A New Era for Therapeutic InterventionsView all 3 articles
AMPs inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer via the CHRM3/PI3K/AKT and CHRM3/MAPK pathways
Provisionally accepted
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Aims: Our previous studies indicated that the overexpression of M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R/CHRM3) is related to a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer and that Armillaria mellea polysaccharides (AMPs) can exhibit strong anticancer activity in vitro via apoptosis-related mechanisms in lung cancer cells. This study investigated whether AMPs exert anticancer activity through the CHRM3 signaling pathway.Lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H1299, and NCI-H520) with stable overexpression or knockdown of CHRM3 were established by infection with recombinant lentivirus and selected under puromycin for one month. Stable cells were treated with or without 100 μg/mL AMPs for 24 h or 48 h. The changes in CHRM3 expression, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined. The expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-related proteins were detected. The antitumor activity of AMPs was further assessed in a xenograft mouse model bearing A549 cells with stable CHRM3 knockdown.Results: CHRM3 was highly expressed in NCI-H520 cells and moderately expressed in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. CHRM3 overexpression significantly increased while CHRM3 knockdown significantly decreased the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. AMP treatment downregulated the expression of CHRM3 and decreased the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, CHRM3 overexpression significantly activated the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, whereas AMP treatment decreased CHRM3-induced PI3K/AKT and MAPK activation. In xenograft mice bearing A549 tumors, CHRM3 knockdown showed little inhibition on tumor growth, but AMP treatment inhibited the tumor growth.AMP treatment inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer via the CHRM3/PI3K/AKT and CHRM3/MAPK pathways, thus exerting antitumor activity.
Keywords: M3 muscarinic receptor, Armillaria mellea polysaccharide, Migration, invasion, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, antitumor activity
Received: 23 Feb 2025; Accepted: 28 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wu, Huang, Wang, Chen, Cheng and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jun Wu, Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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