CASE REPORT article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Hematologic Malignancies
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1585088
Cord blood therapy for pure red cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: case series and review
Provisionally accepted
Zhen Li1
Sujing Zhuang2
Gui Ruirui1
Binglei Zhang3
Wenli Zhang1
Juan Wang1
Yingling Zu1
Fei Yang4
Xiangke Xin1Yanyan Liu1
Yanli Zhang1Baijun Fang1
Fengkuan Yu1
Huifang Zhao1
Wei Li3
Yongping Song5
Jian Zhou1*- 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- 2R&D Department, Shandong Qilu Stem Cell Engineering Co.LTD, Jinan, China, Jinan, China
- 3Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- 4Department of Oncology, Anyang People's Hospital, Anyang, China
- 5Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
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Introduction: Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is one of the complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Its main pathogenesis is immune dysfunction leading to erythrocytes destruction.Currently, there is no gold standard for PRCA after allo-HSCT. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in hematological and immune system diseases due to their hematopoietic reconstitution and immunomodulatory functions. However, few studies about using UCB and MSCs to treat PRCA after allo-HSCT have been reported. Case presentation: In this report, different cell therapy regimens of UCB and MSCs were used in 3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients diagnosed with PRCA after allo-HSCT. Results showed that all patients achieved significant progress without adverse reactions or complications. Furthermore, Case 1 treated with UCB combined with umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs), and Case 2 treated with 3 doses of UCB mononuclear cells (UCB-MNC) achieved earlier RBC transfusion independence (2 months and 2 weeks after cell therapy, respectively) than Case 3 treated with one unit of UCB (3 months after cell therapy). Conclusion: This report provides cell therapy strategies using UCB/UCB-MNC and UC-MSCs to treat PRCA after allo-HSCT. Our study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of 3 doses of UCB-MNC regimen and UCB combined with UC-MSCs regimen, providing a new treatment option for patients with PRCA after allo-HSCT.
Keywords: pure red cell aplasia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, cord blood, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, cell therapy
Received: 28 Feb 2025; Accepted: 22 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Zhuang, Ruirui, Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Zu, Yang, Xin, Liu, Zhang, Fang, Yu, Zhao, Li, Song and Zhou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jian Zhou, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.