ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Gynecological Oncology
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1590189
Efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as a support for chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: A propensity score matching analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Gynecologic Tumor, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- 2Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital,, Taiyuan, China
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Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a highly malignant tumor that can be effectively treated with chemotherapy alone. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is used to reverse the adverse effects of chemotherapy, but its half-life is short, requiring daily injections and significantly reducing patient tolerance rates. Pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) can be administered for a longer duration, improving patient tolerance and compliance. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of PEG-rhG-CSF for preventing hematological toxicity after chemotherapy for GTN. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 200 GTN patients treated with chemotherapy from January 2019 to December 2021. One hundred patients received 6 mg of PEG-rhG-CSF within 24 h after chemotherapy and composed the experimental group. One hundred additional patients who were treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were matched 1:1 via the propensity score matching method and served as the control group. The main observations were differences in hematological toxicity, neutrophil changes, febrile neutropenia incidence and adverse reactions. Results: The incidences of grade 3/4 neutropenia, grade 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, antibiotic use, chemotherapy delay and bone pain in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The duration of grade 3/4 neutropenia in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (3.6 days vs. 6.5 days, P < 0.05). The incidence rates of adverse events in the experimental group and control group were 51% and 77%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Conclusion: PEG-rhG-CSF has good efficacy and safety in preventing hematological toxicity in GTN patients after chemotherapy.
Keywords: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, chemotherapy, hematological toxicity, Febrile neutropenia, efficacy
Received: 17 Apr 2025; Accepted: 08 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhao, Zhao, Sun, Yan, Han and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zhiguo Li, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital,, Taiyuan, China
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