ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Oncol.

Sec. Genitourinary Oncology

Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1595000

This article is part of the Research TopicEnhancing Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Biomarkers and Imaging for Improved Patient OutcomesView all 11 articles

"Inflammatory-Based Prognostic Indicators in Prostate Cancer: Evaluating NLR, PLR, and SII in Relation to Cambridge and ISUP Classifications"

Provisionally accepted
Patryk PatrzałekPatryk Patrzałek1*Anita FrońAnita Froń2Maja MielczarekMaja Mielczarek3Jakub KarwackiJakub Karwacki1,4Grzegorz LesiukGrzegorz Lesiuk5Dawid JanczakDawid Janczak1Krystian NagiKrystian Nagi6Wojciech KrajewskiWojciech Krajewski1Paweł DębińskiPaweł Dębiński7Tomasz SzydełkoTomasz Szydełko7Bartosz MalkiewiczBartosz Malkiewicz1,7
  • 1University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 2Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 3Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 4Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 5Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Silesian, Poland
  • 64th Military Hospital of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 7University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

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Introduction: Systemic inflammation is increasingly recognized for its role in cancer prognosis. Inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) are emerging as relevant factors in oncology. This study evaluates their associations with established prognostic classifications in prostate cancer (PCa): the Cambridge Prognostic Groups (CPG) and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 272 prostate cancer patients using systematically collected clinical data. We calculated and analyzed NLR, PLR, and SII concerning CPG and ISUP scores. Results: Statistically significant relationships were found between NLR, SII, and prognostic classifications. PLR did not demonstrate any significant association. Conclusion: NLR and SII may be helpful to prognostic factors in PCa, particularly in outpatient settings. However, further multi-center validation and establishing standardized cut-off values are necessary.

Keywords: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, PCA, Inflammatory markers, Cambridge Prognostic Groups

Received: 17 Mar 2025; Accepted: 04 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Patrzałek, Froń, Mielczarek, Karwacki, Lesiuk, Janczak, Nagi, Krajewski, Dębiński, Szydełko and Malkiewicz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Patryk Patrzałek, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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