REVIEW article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Gynecological Oncology
Navigating Tumour Microenvironment in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review Integrating Immunohistochemistry, Single-cell RNA-sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics
Provisionally accepted
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Endometrial cancer is regarded as one of the most prevalent malignancies in women globally. Despite the advancements brought by multiple therapeutic strategies, the efficacy and effectiveness of treatment still appear to be diminished. Therefore, this accentuates the importance of understanding the tumour microenvironment (TME). Conventional methods, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), along with recently emerged techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST), have rejuvenated the notion of deciphering TME. From deconstructing tumour heterogeneity, identifying cell populations that play significant roles in treatment response, to discovering key biomarkers and therapeutic targets, these technologies lay the base for innovations. Importantly, this is the first comprehensive review that brings together scRNA-seq, ST, and IHC in Endometrial cancer. Merging these methods is geared towards creating a better grasp of the dynamics and interactions between diverse cells and the TME.
Keywords: tumour microenvironment, single-cell RNA sequencing, Spatial transcriptomics, Immunohistochemistry, endometrial cancer
Received: 15 Aug 2025; Accepted: 28 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Mondal, Kiruba, Sudhakaran and Sundararajan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Vino Sundararajan, svino@vit.ac.in
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