ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Neuro-Oncology and Neurosurgical Oncology
This article is part of the Research TopicInnovative Approaches in Glioma Therapy: Exploring New Therapeutic Frontiers- Volume IIView all 4 articles
Isoform specific v/s pan-histone deacetylase inhibition as approaches for countering Glioblastoma: an in-vitro study
Provisionally accepted
- Creighton University, Omaha, United States
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade-4 brain tumor that originates in astrocytes. GBM has a high death rate and a very low median patient survival rate of 14–16 months, even with well-established treatment regimens. The majority of pre-clinical models assess the effectiveness of molecular leads on two-dimensional cell cultures, which may provide insight into toxicity against particular genotypes of GBM but do not provide insight into the mechanism of action of the therapeutic drug. Three-dimensional cultures present an attractive alternative due to their ability to closely model in-vivo tumor-like conditions. In the present study, we used a rotary cell culture technique to culture 3D cancer spheroids of T98G cell line. Initially, we estimated the relative potency of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which are molecular leads currently in clinical trials as epigenetic therapy for GBM, on 2D and 3D cultures of T98G. We characterized the effect of the 3D half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) on spheroids using a live-dead assay to figure out which inhibitors inhibited cell viability in 3D the most. Finally, we checked the effects of the non-specific and specific inhibitors on tumor migration dynamics using an electric cell impendence sensing (ECIS) device with the help of two parameters – rate of migration (ROM) and late resistance (𝐿𝑅 ̅̅̅̅) . Our results show that the specific HDAC-6 inhibitor, Tubacin had a more potent anti-proliferative effect in both the cytotoxicity and live-dead assays. The non-specific inhibitor, vorinostat surprisingly promoted migration in the cells at its 2D IC50 value treatment and none of the inhibitors was able to significantly decrease the late resistance compared to untreated controls, indicating the need for development of more potent HDAC inhibitors for monotherapy for GBM.
Keywords: Glioblastoma, HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, Trichostatin-A, Tubacin, temozolomide
Received: 30 Aug 2025; Accepted: 03 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Joshi, Ratnapradipa, Hughes, Moore, Ekpenyong and Shukla. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Surabhi Shukla, surabhishukla@creighton.edu
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