MINI REVIEW article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Gastrointestinal Cancers: Hepato Pancreatic Biliary Cancers
Complementary Strategies in Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine: Therapeutic Prediction and Immune Modulation
Provisionally accepted
- 1Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Gangdong-gu, Republic of Korea
- 2Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Dongdaemun-gu, Republic of Korea
- 3Incheon National University College of Engineering, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly lethal with five-year survival below 10%, primarily due to late diagnosis, treatment resistance, and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Methods: This review examines recent advances in PDAC precision medicine by analyzing organoid-based drug screening platforms, mRNA immunotherapy developments, and integrated diagnostic technologies. Results: Patient-derived organoids demonstrate strong predictive value for clinical outcomes, with drug sensitivity profiles correlating with patient responses (concordance >80%). Personalized mRNA neoantigen vaccines induce robust T-cell responses, with vaccine responders showing significantly prolonged recurrence-free survival (median not reached vs. 13.4 months). KRAS-targeted therapies achieve 10-15% response rates in G12C-mutant PDAC. Integration of spatial transcriptomics and liquid biopsy enables real-time molecular monitoring. Conclusions: The development of patient-derived organoids for drug sensitivity testing, personalized mRNA vaccines for immune activation, and precision diagnostic and therapeutic technologies represents complementary advances in PDAC. While each approach has demonstrated independent clinical value, their integration remains an important future direction that may provide a comprehensive framework for improving outcomes in PDAC.
Keywords: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, patient-derived organoids, mRNA neoantigen vaccines, precision medicine, KRAS mutation, Immunotherapy, Drug Resistance
Received: 07 Oct 2025; Accepted: 19 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lee, Woo, Cho and Kim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Man S. Kim, manskim@khu.ac.kr
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