ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oral Health
Sec. Oral Health Promotion
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1609961
Sociodemographic inequalities in the global burden trends and machine learning-based projections of periodontitis from 1990 to 2030 across different development levels
Provisionally accepted
- University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdu-Bihar, Hungary
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Oral diseases affect billions globally, with periodontitis contributing to significant health disparities and systemic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study utilized the GBD 2021 dataset to assess the global burden of periodontitis across 204 countries, analyzing prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates. Socioeconomic disparities were examined using the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and Gini coefficient, while time-series analysis, regression models, and Joinpoint regression identified trends. Machine learning predicted future burden, and geospatial mapping visualized global distribution. Periodontitis burden remains highest in low-SDI regions, with significantly greater prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates compared to higher-SDI countries (p<0.001). Global trends showed a decline until 2010 (AAPC: ASPR -0.792%, ASIR -0.719%, DALY -0.794%; all p<0.05), followed by a temporary increase before stabilizing. Disparities widened over time, peaking around 2010. Projections suggest persistent inequalities, with low-SDI regions maintaining the highest burden and minimal expected reductions, while higher-SDI countries exhibit stable, lower rates. Despite global declines, periodontitis disparities have widened, with low-SDI regions facing the highest burden and minimal improvements. Without strong public health policies integrating preventive oral health into diseases management, inequalities will persist, worsening systemic health outcomes. Urgent action is needed to ensure universal access to periodontal care and early interventions, especially in low-resource settings.
Keywords: disease burden, Global burden of disease, Inequalities, Sociodemographic, oral cavity, Periodontitis, Periodontal disease, Joinpoint regression
Received: 22 Apr 2025; Accepted: 03 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ghanem, Bata, Kovács and Nagy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Amr Sayed Ghanem, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hajdu-Bihar, Hungary
Attila Csaba Nagy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hajdu-Bihar, Hungary
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.