ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oral Health
Sec. Oral Epidemiology
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1614433
Irisin, a promising adipomyokine, shows low levels in relation to periodontal diseases, unlike Visfatin and IL-6 (case-control study)
Provisionally accepted
Farah Sabah Salim*
Saif S Saliem- department of periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Introduction: Adipose tissue releases pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and hormones such as irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6, which may be linked to periodontal diseases. Objectives: Our study aimed to determine salivary irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 levels in gingivitis and periodontitis patients, compare them with healthy periodontal patients, and evaluate the association between these biomarkers. Materials and methods: Ninety participants were involved in this case-control study: 30 patients diagnosed with periodontitis (P), 30 patients with gingivitis (G), and 30 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C). The periodontal clinical parameters were documented. The ELISA test examined irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 saliva levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V.29). Results: Irisin significantly decreased in gingivitis and periodontitis compared to the control group (p<0.05). In contrast, gingivitis and periodontitis reported elevated levels of visfatin and interleukin-6 compared to the control group (p <0.05). Visfatin levels did not significantly change between gingivitis and periodontitis (p > 0.05). All periodontal clinical measures showed a significant negative association with irisin (p < 0.05), except plaque index in the gingivitis group. At the same time, visfatin and interleukin-6 showed significant positive relationships with all clinical periodontal markers (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Salivary irisin levels were reduced in individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis, whereas visfatin and interleukin-6 levels were elevated. These biomarkers may predict susceptibility to periodontal disease.
Keywords: IL-6, irisin, visfatin, Periodontitis, Gingivitis, Saliva
Received: 18 Apr 2025; Accepted: 17 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Salim and Saliem. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Farah Sabah Salim, farah.sabah2405m@codental.uobaghdad.edu.iq
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