ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oral Health
Sec. Preventive Dentistry
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1652422
This article is part of the Research TopicUse of Teledentistry and Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Dental Care for Vulnerable PopulationsView all 3 articles
Brush, Byte, and Bot: Quality Comparison of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Pediatric Dental Advice Across ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry,Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, India
- 2Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, India
- 3La Trobe University Rural Health School, Bendigo, Australia
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Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot are increasingly relied upon by parents for immediate guidance on pediatric dental concerns. This study evaluated and compared the response quality of these AI platforms in addressing real-world parental queries related to pediatric dentistry, including early tooth extraction, space maintenance, and the decision to consult a pediatric versus a general dentist. A structured 30-question survey was developed and submitted to each AI model, and their responses were anonymized and assessed by pediatric dental experts using a standardized rubric across five key domains: clinical accuracy, clarity, completeness, relevance, and absence of misleading information. Statistically significant differences were found across all five domains (p < .001), with ChatGPT consistently achieving the highest scores. Multivariate analysis (MANOVA) confirmed a strong overall effect of the AI model on response quality (Pillai's Trace = 0.892, p < .001), supporting ChatGPT's superior performance in providing accurate, relevant, and comprehensive pediatric dental advice. While AI technologies show potential as clinical decision support systems, their variable performance reinforces the need for expert oversight. Future AI development should focus on optimizing response quality and safety to ensure effective and trustworthy digital health communication for pediatric dental care.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, Pediatric Dentistry, parental guidance, ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, response quality
Received: 23 Jun 2025; Accepted: 31 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Kapoor, Garg and Tadakamadla. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Deepika Kapoor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry,Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, India
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.