Cannabis-Based Extract for Managing Pain in Dogs with Osteoarthritis: Efficacy and Safety Assessment

Neide Maria Griebeler¹Ricardo Penayo Cremonese¹Yasmin Fakih¹Priscila RM Pereira¹Amanda Furjan Rial²Emanuela Leite¹Maria Victoria Luz Gonçalves¹Luiz Renato das Almas³Nedice Borges Cardoso Júnior⁴Fernando Cezar-dos-Santos⁵Aline Theodoro Toci⁴Andres Mojoli Le Quesne¹Francisney Pinto Nascimento^1*

• ¹Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana, Laboratório de Cannabis Medicinal e Ciência Psicodélica, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
• ²Popvet Hospital Veterinário, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
• ³Santa Cannabis Association, Florianópolis, Brazil
• ⁴Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana, Environmental an Food Interdisciplinary Studies Laboratory, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
• ⁵Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil

Canine osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent disease characterized by progressive joint degeneration, pain, and impaired mobility. In older dogs, OA affects approximately 80% of the population. Current pharmacological treatments are often limited in efficacy and may cause significant adverse effects. In this context, cannabinoids have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. This double-blind, randomized study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a full-spectrum cannabis extract in managing OA-related pain and dysfunction in dogs. Seventeen dogs with OA were randomly assigned to receive either the cannabis extract (containing measured amounts of CBD, THC, CBG, CBC, and other cannabinoids) or a placebo for 90 days. Although the cannabis treatment did not significantly reduce pain levels according to the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) [F(1,14) = 0.001, p = 0.981, η² = 0.000], a reduction of 2.4 points in HCPI scores compared to the placebo was observed at 90 days. Additionally, the treatment proved to be entirely safe, with no significant adverse effects reported. The few mild side effects observed resolved spontaneously within 24 hours. Biomarker analysis revealed no significant differences between the cannabis and placebo groups. Our findings suggest that full-spectrum cannabis extract containing CBD and THC is safe for use in dogs for up to 90 days. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal doses and formulations required to effectively alleviate OA-induced pain.