ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Translational Pharmacology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1562122
Effect of ketamine on cellular immunity and inflammation in patients who undergo laparoscopic colon cancer surgery: A retrospective study
Provisionally accepted
- Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, korla, China
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Objective: Anesthesia during the surgery impairs immune systems. Ketamine is an anesthetic with immune protective effects. This study intended to investigate the effect of a ketamine-involved anesthetic regimen on cellular immunity and inflammatory cytokines in patients who undergo laparoscopic colon cancer surgery.Methods: This retrospective study screened 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic colon cancer surgery with an anesthesia regimen involving ketamine (N=30, ketamine group) or not (N=30, opioid group). Data on surgery-related parameters, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), blood routine examination parameters, cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 + and CD4 + T cells, inflammatory cytokines, and adverse reactions were retrieved. Time points were defined as entering the operating room (T1), 5 minutes after anesthetic induction (T2), the end of surgery (T3), and 24 hours after surgery (T4).The 1 h-postoperative pain score (P<0.001) and length of stay (P<0.001) were lower in ketamine group than in opioid group. Blood pressure and HR from T1 to T4 were more stable in ketamine group than in opioid group. Neutrophils (P<0.001), CD3 + (P<0.001) and CD4 + T cells (P=0.002) at T4 were higher in ketamine group than in opioid group. Interleukin (IL)-10 at T3 (P<0.001) and T4 (P<0.001) were higher, while IL-6 at T3 (P<0.001) and T4 (P<0.001) were lower in ketamine group than in opioid group. There was no discrepancy in incidences of adverse reactions between groups.A ketamine-involved anesthetic regimen seems to be correlated with the improvement of cellular immunity and inflammation with a tolerable safety profile. However, more studies with a prospective, randomized, controlled design are needed to verify this finding and draw a solid conclusion.
Keywords: Ketamine, laparoscopic colon cancer surgery, Cellular immunity, inflammatory cytokines, Adverse Reactions
Received: 02 Apr 2025; Accepted: 11 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ji, Zhang, Zhou, Fan, Dai and Mao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Shaolei Mao, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, korla, China
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